The production of Cu-Zn from volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) deposits in the eastern Pontides began in the early 1900s, with the exploitation of high-grade ores scattered across the district. The district still possesses economically important blind VMS and associated sulfide deposits. Careful descriptive documentation of the typical features of these VMS ores illustrated the geological characteristics that are important in identifying ore localities and can be used to define exploration targets.

Volcanogenic massive sulide (VMS) deposits, also known as volcanic-hosted massive sulide, volcanic-associated massive sulide, or sealoor massive sulide deposits, are important sources of copper, zinc, lead, gold, and silver (Cu, Zn, Pb, Au, and Ag). These deposits form at or near the sealoor where circulating hydrothermal luids driven by magmatic heat are quenched through mixing with bottom waters or porewaters in near-sealoor lithologies. Massive sulide lenses vary widely in shape and size and may be podlike or sheetlike. They are generally stratiform and may occur as multiple lenses.

Grade and tonnage models are useful in quantitative mineral-resource assessments. The models and database presented in this report are an update of earlier publications about volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) deposits (Mosier, Singer, and Salem, 1983; Cox, 1986; Singer, 1986a-c; Singer and Mosier, 1986a, b). These VMS deposits include what were formerly classified as kuroko, Cyprus, and Besshi deposits.

Simplified definition A lens of iron-, copper-, zinc- and lead-sulphides, with significant amounts of silver and gold, formed on or below the sea floor by hot springs on and around submarine volcanoes. Scientific definition Gold-rich volcanogenic massive sulphide deposits (Au-VMS) are a sub-type of both volcanogenic massive sulphide (VMS) and lode gold deposits (Poulsen and Hannington, 1996; Hannington et al., 1999; Huston, 2000; Poulsen et al., 2000) (Fig.1). Like most VMS deposits, they consist of semi-massive to massive, concordant sulphide lenses underlain by discordant stockwork feeder zones.

Volcanogenic massive sulphide (VMS) deposits are also known as volcanic-associated, volcanic-hosted, and volcano-sedimentary-hosted massive sulphide deposits. They typically occur as lenses of polymetallic massive sulphide that form at or near the seafloor in submarine volcanic environments. They form from metal-enriched fluids associated with seafloor hydrothermal convection. Their immediate host rocks can be either volcanic or sedimentary.

Полевые, петрологические и геохимические ограничения на поступление неблагородных металлов в гидротермальные флюиды в вулканогенных массивных сульфидных системах кипрского типа: исследование эпидозитовой зоны Спилия-Каннавия, офиолитовый комплекс Троодос, Кипр

Field, petrological and geochemical constraints on the release of base metals into hydrothermal fluids in Cyprus-type Volcanogenic Massive Sulphide (VMS) systems: an investigation of the Spilia-Kannavia epidosite zone, Troodos ophiolite, Cyprus 

Without reagents there would be no flotation, and without flotation the mining industry, as we know it today, would not exist. Reagents in mineral processing are therefore an inseparable part of the flotation process. Many books, articles and patents exist on development of reagents, reagent chemistry and reagent application.

Содержит определительные и описательные таблицы с диагностическими свойствами 130 гипергенных и реликтовых гипогенных рудообразующих минералов окисленных и полуокисленных сульфидных руд различных типов. Рассмотрены вещественный состав, текстуры и структуры окисленных сильфидных руд и методы их исследования. Во втором издании (1-е изд.— 1974) увеличено число описываемых минералов, даны дополнительные материалы по обогащению окисленных сульфидных руд.

Для геологов, минералогов и других специалистов, занимающихся разведкой и изучением рудных месторождений. Может быть полезен студентам и аспирантам геологических вузов.