Electrical Resistivity (ER) is a non-destructive geophysical method for geotechnical and geoenvironmental investigation. This technique is promising in producing soil moisture map and obtaining subsoil profile information. Additionally, the saturated and unsaturated soil parameters can be evaluated through the electrical resistivity method. The saturated and unsaturated soil properties are critical parameters for earthen infrastructure design, especially the landfill bottom liners and top covers, whereas the soil hydraulic properties play a significant role in the overall performance.

The experimenter is confronted nearly every day with the examination of results from his or her own experiments as well as those of others. There is a need to know the methods by which the data were obtained and what confidence can be placed in the numerical results. Significant aspects of these matters involve the principles and methods of statistics, and the jective of this chapter is to describe the basic ideas of statistics that are relevant to errors of observations and numbers derived from these observations. 

In April, 1996 a geochemical soil sampling program was carried out on the Salo Option (Figure 1) in order to complete the evaluation of the base metal potential of the property. Two diamond drill holes which targeted a coincident magnetic-HLEM anomaly failed to intersect significant base metal mineralization. The subsequent soil sampling survey was designed to explore for indications of economic mineralization downdip of the drill holes. Soil samples were analysed for trace elements, after being treated by the enzyme leach partial extraction technique (Clark, 1992), by ICP/MS courtesy of Activation Labs Ltd (Actlabs). Results are then used to define geochemical anomalies in overburden possibly related to underlying mineralized bedrock. <...>

Учебное пособие написано в соответствии с государственным образовательным стандартом и учебным планом, предназначено студентов, обучающихся по направлению подготовки 21.02.19 Землеустройство. В пособии рассматриваются основы геологии, геоморфологии, почвоведения: строение и происхождение Земли, минералогические и петрографические, эндогенные и экзогенные процессы. Обобщены современные представления об историческом теле природы, изложены основные механизмы почвообразовательного процесса. Описаны состав, свойства, почвенные режимы, обусловливающие плодородие, их сочетание в разных типах почв и регулирование в агрономической практике. Проанализированы основные факторы почвообразования, освещены вопросы генезиса, классификации, свойств почв разных природных зон. Особое внимание уделено области агроэкологического землепользования. Изложены принципы почвоохранной деятельности, методы качественной оценки, основные приемы регулирования почвенного плодородия, защиты почв от эрозии и их рационального использования и другие вопросы

Since Georges MiHot's initial contribution to clays and his thesis on the relationship between composition and development of sedimentary clayey rocks defended in 1949, half a century has passed by. So much has been discovered on clays during that period that it would almost be impossible either to list the work undertaken or to give a comprehensive account of the present situation in a concise presentation.

Darwin’s tangled bank is the biosphere in poetic microcosm, and the “damp earth” he refers to is soil. Soil is arguably the most complex of all geological materials, a combination of mineral and organic constituents in solid, aqueous and gaseous forms, organized into a loose, porous, horizonated, plant-bearing material, that is constantly changing. It forms as a result of a complex series of interactions and feedbacks between lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere and, biosphere. As the natural geological cover of most of the land surface of the earth, it is the focus of this encyclopedia.