Relatively frequently found, the specimens of Homalonotinae are, in general, poorly preserved and, therefore, they are among the groups of trilobites that have so far been rather insufficiently studied. Since their occurrence is limited to the Llandovery through Middle Devonian, they may serve as a good index fossil. Their paleogeographical and correlative importance in the Upper Silurian and Lower Devonian was discussed separately (Tomczykowa, 1974).

The materials, on which the present paper is based, were collected by the writer in 1956—1958 in the Holy Cross Mts. Most of them, however, come from the boreholes managed by the Geological Institute, that is, from Goldap, Bostow, Ciepielow, Bialopole, Krowie Bagno, Lopiennik, Strzelce IG-2 and Zakrzew IG-3, as well as from the drillings of the Oil Research Survey (Malochwiej and Rozkopaczew boreholes) (Text-fig.  1). <...>

The seismic method is one of the most promising geophysical methods that can help to explore the Earth’s interior. Numerous technology developments have been introduced in seismic methods over the decades to either understand or to use the full recorded seismic data from the field. Seismic tomography is a seismic imaging technique used to delineate the subsurface linked with structures and numerical values of different physical parameters such as the seismic velocity, density, etc.

Active tectonics is the study of dynamic tectonic processes that shape the landscape and have an impact on human society. Tectonic geomorphology is the part of active tectonics that is concerned with landforms produced by tectonic processes and the application of geomorphic principles to tectonic problems. Tectonic geomorphology increasingly has become one of the principal tools in a variety of applications, including identification of active faults, formation of geologic structures, seismic-hazard assessment, and the study of landscape evolution. Tectonic geomorphology has proven to be useful in these applications because tectonically produced landforms are created and preserved over time intervals ideal for recording landscape change. <...>

The Geological Survey of India started its field operations in Orissa in 1855-56 F.S. when W.T. Blanford, H.F. Blanford and W. Theobald surveyed the Talcher coal fields The first memoir of GSI (Mem. Vol. No. 1, 1859, pp. 33.38) contains an account of their work. The geological studies led to the unravelling of Gondwana glaciation and its coal bearing rock sequence above.