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Electrical well logging was introduced to the oil industry over a half century ago. The first log was recorded on September 5, 1927, in a well in the small oil field of Pechelbronn, in Alsace, a province of northeastern France. This log, a single graph of the electrical resistivity of the rock formations cut by the borehole, was recorded by the “station” method. The downhole tool (called a sonde) was stopped at periodic intervals in the borehole, measurementsw ere made, and the calculated resistivity was hand-plotted on a graph. This procedure was repeated from station to station until the entire log was recorded.<...>
Ideas that karst can develop at depth without direct genetic relationship to the surface have a long history, but remained on the periphery of karstological thinking, not influencing the traditional paradigm of karst until the last 25 years. More attention to hypogene karst since 1990, and particularly the dramatic burst of studies in this field during the last decade, has changed our notion of hypogene karst from a curiosity to one of the fundamental categories of karst, at least of compatible importance with more familiar epigene karst. <...>
I discovered the existence of the Ankarana in 1981 when I was a geology student at Nice University attending the lessons of Prof. Julian, a famous French karstologist, along with three comrades who were also cavers. One day he showed us a map from a book based on work that had been carried out in the north of Madagascar: The Ankarana Plateau by Georges Rossi (1980). At first glance we were fascinated by the landscape represented on the map. Reading the book, an important part of which was devoted to the karst areas of Red Island (Madagascar), was the incentive we needed for us to put on on our cavers’ boots and explore such a remote area. <...>
Cave geology, as treated in this book, concerns not only the geology and origin of caves, but also related aspects such as hydrology, geochemistry, and microbiology. All cave sciences are combined in the field otspeteolag)'. More than any other science, speleology is closely tied to exploration and adventure. Anyone can participate in it.
The Niger Delta region is attractive to petroleum exploration companies primarily because of its prolific hydrocarbon wealth. Since the first commercial discovery of hydrocarbon from the Oloibiri Field in 1965 by Shell–BP Petroleum Development Company, the Niger Delta region has been an area of intensive oil and gas exploration activity. The vast amount of subsurface material and data accumulated over the past six decades, have hitherto been proprietary to the different operating companies. This book Cenozoic Foraminifera and Calcareous Nannofossil Biostratigraphy of the Niger Delta is the first attempt to harmonize, in a single volume, the biostratigraphic data of the individual companies that operate in the region <...>
Over the last ten years or so, since the Fribourg meeting in 1985 (Homewood et al. 1986), the attention given by sedimentologists and structural geologists to the geology of foreland basins has been growing continuously, parallel to the increase of co-operative links between scientists from the two disciplines. A number of reasons lie behind this development. Attempting to understand the growth of an orogen without paying due attention to the stratigraphic record of the derived sediments would be unrealistic.
The Cenozoic volcanism in the Tyrrhenian Sea region shows a very wide range of petrological, geochemical and isotopic compositions, which cover almost entirely the field of igneous rock occurring worldwide. Volcanic activity took place contemporaneously with the opening of the Ligurian-Provenзal and Tyrrhenian Sea basins, and with the formation of the Apennine-Maghrebian chain.
Questions of morphological study addressing living and fossil organisms are briefly discussed. The importance of ontogenetic patterns and processes in evolutionary biology are viewed on the background of three special problems of cephalopod morphology: the reproductive system of octopods, the lower beaks of coleoids and ammonites, and the arm crown of the coleoids. <...>
Cephalopods are diverse, highly developed molluscs capable of swimming and jet propulsion. These animals are an important component of present-day marine ecosystems throughout the world and comprise approximately 900 species. They also have an extraordinary fossil record, extending back to the Cambrian Period, with as many as 10,000 extinct species. Throughout their long history, they have experienced spectacular radiations and near-total extinctions. Because of their superb fossil record, they also serve as ideal index fossils to subdivide geologic time. This book touches on many of these themes, and it treats both fossil and present-day cephalopods. The chapters are outgrowths of presentations at the Sixth International Symposium “Cephalopods – Present and Past,” at the University of Arkansas in Fayetteville, September 16–19, 2004. The Symposium was organized principally by Walter L. Manger of the Department of Geology, University of Arkansas. The editors gratefully acknowledge Walter for his terrific job in putting together this symposium and for making it such an intellectual, and social, success. Other publications related to this Symposium include the abstract volume, assembled by W. L. Manger, and two fieldtrip guidebooks, one written by W. L. Manger, and the other by R. H. Mapes. <...>
This book is intended to be a concise and comprehensive coverage of the key ceramic and glass materials used in modern technology. A group of international experts have contributed a wide ranging set of chapters that literally covers this field from A (Chap. 1) to Z (Chap. 10). Each chapter focuses on the structure–property relationships for these important materials and expands our understanding of their nature by simultaneously discussing the technology of their processing methods. In each case, the resulting understanding of the contemporary applications of the materials provides insights as to their future role in twenty-first century engineering and technology <...>
