Добрый день, Коллеги. Важное сообщение, просьба принять участие. Музей Ферсмана ищет помощь для реставрационных работ в помещении. Подробности по ссылке
This book describes extraction of nickel, cobalt and platinum-group metals. The starting point is ore-in-place and the finishing point is high-purity metals and chemicals. We have combined the description of these metals in one book because they very often occur together, are extracted together and have similar properties. The objectives of the book are to:
(a) describe how these metals occur and are extracted; (b) explain why these extraction processes have been chosen; (c) indicate how the processes can be operated most efficiently, with minimal impact on the environment; and, (d) suggest future improvements.
The term rare earths denotes the group of 17 chemically similar metallic elements that includes scandium, yttrium, and the lanthanides (Spedding 1978; Connelly et al. 2005). The lanthanides are the series of elements with atomic numbers 57 to 71, all of which, except promethium, occur in nature. The rare-earth elements, being chemically similar to one another, invariably occur together in minerals and behave as a single chemical entity. Thus, the discovery of the rare earths themselves occurred over a period of nearly 160 years, from 1787 to 1941 (Szabadvary 1988; Weeks 1956).
The series of articles on Facies Models in Geoscience Canada was initiated by editor Gerard V. Middleton, partly in response to a suggestion from Erich Dimroth that "brief, well-written, concise articles, outlining the techniques of rock interpretation, and the concepts and criteria for regional evaluation would be an enormous help to the general purpose field geologist”. Each author was asked to prepare a review that covered the basic ideas, without unnecessary jargon, in terms that the student or "general purpose field geologist” could understand. Most of the illustrations in the articles have been prepared with this objective in mind.
Features of recent sediments and ancient sedimentary rocks can be combined and condensed into idealizations or models that characterize particular sedimentary environments. This combination of features from modern and ancient situations has been emphasized from the earliest days; in 1893 Johannes Walther (quoted by Middleton, 1973, p. 981) "explained that the most satisfying genetic explanations of ancient phenomena were by analogy with modern geological processes".
Facies models are encapsulated summaries of sedimentation in a depositional environment. Since the initial formulation of this concept (Walker, 1979a), facies models have become the cornerstone of modern sedimentology, and will continue to be a vital starting point for whatever new areas of research develop in the future.
Fossils are cool. Fossils are amazing. This book is about the incredible stories fossils tell us, and the staggering insights they give us into the history of the earth and the evolution of life. I hope you find this quick tour through the world of fossils both informative and enjoyable.
w. F. Brace's career has several parallels with the institution from which all his degrees were granted. Both emphasized fundamental training in sciences, mathematics, physics, chemistry and the rigorous application ofthat training to applied problems. Both demand scrupulous attention to data collection, followed by aggressive interpretation of the implications of the data. Both flirted with Harvard. Early in this century, M.I.T. almost became Harvard's engineering school. During his doctoral research, Brace took Courses and advice from J. B. Thompsen and others at Harvard; and he returned later to do postdoctoral work with Francis Birch. <...>
The initial concept of a photographic atlas on fault rocks was developed during informal discussions at the Geological Society of America Penrose Conference "Significance and Petrogenesis of Mylonitic Rocks" held at San Diego, California, in spring 1981, and coconvened by the editors of this book. Many participants felt that a new consensus about mylonites and ductile shear zones had been achieved at the conference, based largely upon the contributions of geoscientists who brought perspectives from the laboratory as well as from the field. In part motivated by the publication (1982) of the Atlas of Deformational and Metamorphic Rock Fabrics (and its predecessor, the Atlas of Rock Cleavage) both edited by G. J. Borradaile, Μ. B. Bayly, and C. McA. Powell, we felt that a collection of photographs of features characteristic of faults and shear zones, ranging in scale from mesoscopic to microscopic to even submicroscopic, together with carefully documented locations and regional (or experimental) information, would provide a valuable reference as well as a teaching device <...>
Within Peru, Fe oxide-Cu-Au deposits are found mainly in the Western Andes range and on the coast, associated with the Jurassic-Cretaceous alkaline to calc-alkaline volcanism of the aborted ensialic Canete-Huarmey Marginal Basin. They also exist in the calc-alkaline plutons of the Coastal Batholith and theTholeiite Patap Super-unit, associated with continental margin processes. The exception is Cobriza (100 million tonnes' @ 1.5% Cu, Fe oxide-Cu-Au type; Cu calcic distal skarn) existing in the eastern range associated with Permian Tardihercynian distensive tectonics and alkaline granites.
In October 1975 a Short Course on Feldspar Mineralogy was held at the Hotel Utah, Salt Lake City, in conjunction with the annual meetings of the Mineralogical Society of America. Richard A. Yund, David B. Stewart, Joseph V. Smith and Paul H. Ribbe presented workshops on x-ray single-crystal and powder diffraction methods and electron optical techniques as applied to the study of feldspars and presented eight lectures, the substance of which became the nine chapters of the first edition of Feldspar Mineralogy. That book was published by the Mineralogical Society as the second volume of its series entitled "Short Course Notes". <...>
