Добрый день, Коллеги. Важное сообщение, просьба принять участие. Музей Ферсмана ищет помощь для реставрационных работ в помещении. Подробности по ссылке
Geostatistics, developed originally in the mining industry from the 1950s onwards, is now being applied widely in environmental science for mapping, monitoring and management. It is based on the theory of random spatial processes. There are numerous examples in soil science, meteorology, agronomy, hydrology, ecology and some aspects of marine science. By taking into account and modelling spatial correlation, geostatistics provides unbiased predictions of environmental variables with minimum and known variance in ways that no other method does. The general technique of prediction is known as kriging. It requires a mathematical model to describe the spatial covariance, usually expressed as a variogram, which in its parameterized form has become the central tool of geostatistics. Successful kriging and estimation of the variogram depend on sampling adequately without bias and with suitable spatial configurations and supports. These differ somewhat from design-based estimation with its emphasis on random sampling. <...>
Basin analysis is a comprehensive approach to decipher the geological evolution of a basin by constructing the stratigraphic framework and facies relationships, by mapping and understanding the geological structures in light of their historical development, and by examining the physical and chemical properties of rocks and their sedimentological and petroleum attributes. The purpose of the analysis is to identify potential source rocks and reservoir rocks, and to evaluate the maturation, generation, migration, and entrapment of hydrocarbons in a sedimentary basin. <...>
Sedimentary basins are regions of prolonged subsidence of the Earth’s surface. The driving mechanisms of subsidence are related to processes originating within the relatively rigid, cooled thermal boundary layer of the Earth known as the lithosphere and from the flow of the mantle beneath. The lithosphere is composed of a number of plates that are in motion with respect to each other. Sedimentary basins therefore exist in a background environment of plate motion and mantle flow.
Waples, D. W. Basin modelling: how well have we done?
Giles, M. R., Indrelid, S. L. & James, D. M. D.: Compaction - the great unknown in basin modelling
Okui, A., Siebert, R. M. & Matsubayashi, H.: Simulation of oil expulsion by 1-D and 2-D basin modelling - saturation threshold and relative permeabilities of source rocks
Waples, D. W. & Couples, G. D.: Some thoughts on porosity reduction - rock mechanics, overpressure and fluid flow
Tokunaga, T., Hosoya, S., Tosaka, H. & Kojima, K.: An estimation of the intrinsic permeability of argillaceous rocks and the effects on long-term fluid migration
Darby, D., Haszeldine, R. S. & Couples, G. D.: Central North Sea overpressures: insights into fluid flow from one- and two-dimensional basin modelling
Throndsen, T. t~ Wangen, M.: A comparison between l-D, 2-D and 3-D basin simulations of compaction, water flow and temperature evolution
Archard, G., Stafford, J., Bardwell, K. & Bagge, M.: A review of techniques used to determine geological and thermal history in the Southern North Sea
Schegg, R. & Leu, W.: Analysis of erosion events and palaeogeothermal gradients in the North Alpine Foreland Basin of Switzerland
Hegre, J. A., Pittion, J. L., Herbin, J. E & Lopatin, N. V.: Geochemical modelling in an organicrich source rock: the Bazhenov Formation
Symington, W. A., Green, K. E., Huang, J., Poyrorf, R. J. & Summa, L. L.: A multidisciplinary approach to modelling secondary migration: a Central North Sea example
Ho, T. T. Y., Jensen, R. R, Sahai, S. K., Leadholm, R. H. & Senneseth, O.: Comparative studies of pre- and post-drilling modelled thermal conductivity and maturity data with post-drilling results: implications for basin modelling and hydrocarbon exploration
Thomsen, R. O.: Aspects of applied basin modelling: sensitivity analysis and scientific risk
Gallagher, K. & Morrow, D. W.: A novel approach for constraining heat flow histories in sedimentary basins
On s’accorde aujourd’hui d’une façon assez générale pour reconnaître que la bauxite ou minerai d’aluminium représente le produit d’altération atmosphérique ultime de roches alumineuses très diverses. C est donc une matière résiduelle, conservée sur des surfaces continentales, formée dans des régions où les conditions climatiques sont particulièrement favorables et dont le relief est peu accidenté.
This book aims to present an accurate survey of the current state of our knowledge regarding the mineralogy, geochemistry, geology and genesis of bauxite deposits, and to discuss unsolved problems as necessary for teaching and research. For mining engineers and economic geologists the book contributes to a better understanding of the genesis and distribution of different types of deposits. <...>
The carstic bauxite deposits of the western flange of the Turgai trough are investigated in geological, petrological, mineralogical, and morphological aspects, as well as to the chemical composition. Special attention was paid to the so-called »beans«, inclusions in the cement of the stony bauxites of that region. These beans have an average diameter from 2 to 20 mm, greater ones are rare, and so are varieties smaller than 1 mm. Structurally, they consist of a gray ferrum-alumi-nium core around which a black coating of alumina-ferruginous matter is wrapped. The inner composition of the beans was examined very carefully in every respect, and on that base some new suggestions about their genesis was put forward.
Energy costs represent a significant component of the total costs of operations for Canada’s mining sector. Directly and indirectly, the energy use in the mining sector is also a significant contributor to Canada’s greenhouse gas emissions. Improving energy efficiency reduces greenhouse gas emissions that contribute to climate changes.
