Volcanoes have the power to rock our world, from the spectacular and the beautiful to the violent and the deadly. Introducing Volcanology: A Guide to Hot Rocks is a detailed but accessible introduction to volcanoes and their plumbing systems. Aimed at those with an inquisitive interest in volcanoes as well as the more advanced reader, the ten chapters document different aspects of volcanology. All are illustrated with a wide array of photographs and diagrams to accompany the text, and an A–Z of volcanology is included as a glossary. Since the first edition of this book was published in 2011, a lot has happened in the world of volcanoes and in the world of DougalEARTH. I have been lucky to continue travelling globally to see many of the world’s modern and ancient volcanic rocks (the ‘HOT Rocks’ that form the basis of this guide). Since appearing as ‘Dr Volcano’ on BBC television, I have continued to work with various media projects including CBBC series Fierce Earth, a trip down the Grand Canyon in a wooden boat (BBC/Discovery) and a journey to the very edge of China (Discovery Asia), always looking out for the next Earth Science adventure <...>

This book was originally published in Japanese in October 1998 with the intention of providing a straightforward presentation of the sophisticated techniques used in optical waveguide analyses. Apparently, we were successful because the Japanese version has been well accepted by students in undergraduate, postgraduate, and Ph.D. courses as well as by researchers at universities and colleges and by researchers and engineers in the private sector of the optoelectronics field. Since we did not want to change the fundamental presentation of the original, this English version is, except for the newly added optical fiber analyses and problems, essentially a direct translation of the Japanese version. <...>

Presumably you are reading this book because you want to learn about exploring the subsurface. Your interest may be an active one in that you intend to actually go into the field and collect information; or you may be interested only in learning how subsurface information is gathered so you will be better equipped to judge recommendations for action based on field surveys. In either case you probably intend to lend your talents to improving humanity's lot by identifying sources for much-needed resources, protecting water supplies, providing safe building sites, locating areas for safe disposal of certain wastes, or extending knowledge of our forebears by finding where they lived and worked. We hope that this book will provide you with tools to accomplish your objectives and that you will be stimulated to continue your quest <...>

In this chapter, we review the principles and basic tools of crystallography. A thorough understanding of crystallography is a prerequisite for anybody who wishes to learn transmission electron microscopy (ТЕМ) and its applications to solid (mostly inorganic) materials. All diffraction techniques, whether they use x-rays, neutrons, or electrons, make extensive use of the concept of reciprocal space and, as we shall see repeatedly later on in this book, ТЕМ is a unique tool for directly probing this space. Hence, it is important that the ТЕМ user become as familiar with reciprocal space as with direct or crystal space.