GIS Tutorial 1: Basic Workbook is the direct result of the authors' experiences teaching GIS to high school students in a summer program at Carnegie Mellon University, undergraduate and graduate students in several departments and disciplines at Carnegie Mellon University, as well as working professionals. GIS Tutorial 1 is a hands-on workbook with step-by-step exercises that take the reader from the basics of using ArcGlS Desktop interfaces through performing advanced spatial analyses. <...>

In this introductory chapter we describe general problems of spatial environmental data analysis, modeling, validation and visualization. Many of these problems are considered in detail in the following chapters using geostatistical models, machine learning algorithms (MLA) of neural networks and Support Vector Machines, and the Bayesian Maximum Entropy (BME) approach. The term “mapping” in the book is considered not only as an interpolation in two- or threedimensional geographical space, but in a more general sense of estimating the desired dependencies from empirical data.

Geostatistics aims at providing quantitative descriptions of natural variables distributed in space or in time and space. Examples of such variables are 

Ore grades in a mineral deposit 

Depth and thickness of a geological layer 

Porosity and permeability in a porous medium 

Density of trees of a certain species in a forest 

Soil properties in a region 

Rainfall over a catchment area 

Pressure, temperature, and wind velocity in the atmosphere
Concentrations of pollutants in a contaminated site

Geostatistical simulation makes strong assumptions of stationarity in the mean and the variance over the domain of interest. Unfortunately, geological nature usually does not reflect this assumption and we are forced to subdivide our model area into stationary regions that have some common geological controls and similar statistical properties. This paper addresses the significant complexity introduced by boundaries. Boundaries are often soft, that is, samples near boundaries influence multiple rock types.

The wealth of mineral resources that lies beneath the Earth’s surface drives techno‑logical advancements and underpins our economic prosperity. This comprehensive book presents the methods and processes of mineral resource estimation at each step along the mining value chain and provides a necessary framework for understanding mineral development and exploitation. The complexities associated with mineral resource estimation are addressed by explaining the importance of reliable methodologies and the consideration of uncertainty in decision‑making.

Geological data, notably geochemical data, often take the form of a regionalized composition. The concept of regionalized composition combines the concepts of composition and coregionalization. A composition, also known in the literature as a closed array (Chayes 1962), is a random vector whose components add up to a constant. A coregionalization is a set of two or more regionalized variables defined over the same spatial domain, which is modeled as a realization of a vector random function. Here the term regionalized composition is used both for the vector random function used to model a composition and for the realization that we can observe <...>

Рассмотрены вопросы создания и применения геоинформационных систем (ГИС) для решения задач управления, бизнеса, мониторинга и др. Описаны особенности организации данных и их моделирования в этих системах. Даны характеристики основных инструментальных систем ГИС, предназначенных для организации прикладных геоинформационных систем. Приведены варианты решения практических задач в управлении, экологии, контроле, учете и т.д.
Для студентов вузов, учащихся колледжей, лицеев и других средних учебных заведений, а также для всех, интересующихся этой тематикой.

In this exercise, you will install the data that will be used throughout this course. The data is stored on a CD and will be copied to your hard drive by an automated install program. After installing the data, you will have the opportunity to create an ESRI Global Account, which will allow you to access all pages on the ESRI Support Center, a valuable online technical resource <...>

Geocoding is the process of assigning a location, usually in the form of coordinate values, to an address by comparing the descriptive location elements in the address to those present in the reference material. Addresses come in many forms, ranging from the common address format of house number followed by the street name and succeeding information to other location descriptions such as postal zone or census tract. In essence, an address includes any type of information that distinguishes a place.

This chapter begins by illustrating many of the applications of geocoding.

Next, a brief overview of the tools and software available with ESRI® ArcGIS® is given. Finally, tips on applying these tools to the geocoding process will be presented. <...>