Near-surface geophysics (NSG) was not specifically addressed in the first edition of the Treatise on Geophysics. The decision to include a new volume in the second edition of the Treatise on Geophysics on the near surface reflects the ever-growing contribution that geophysics is making to our understanding of the outermost shell of the Earth. This growth is evidenced by the formation of a new focus group in NSG within the American Geophysical Union, the largest Earth science organization worldwide, in 2006 (Figure 1). The near surface is perhaps a somewhat nebulous term that means different things to different people.

Изложены современные представления об основных химических и фотохимических процессах, протекающих в ионосфере Земли на высотах, больших 60 км. Приведена схема ионизационно-рекомбинационного цикла процессов в ионосфере, детально обсуждена роль ионно-молекулярных реакций и диссоциативной рекомбинации. Рассмотрена химическая кинетика нижней части ионосферы и роль реакций с участием отрицательных ионов. Дан анализ проблем диссоциации азота и кислорода, химии азотных окислов и водородных соединений в верхней атмосфере.
Книга рассчитана на физиков и геофизиков, интересующихся исследованиями верхней атмосферы и ионосферы, специалистов, работающих в смежных областях науки и техники, аспирантов, а также студентов университетов и гидрометеорологических институтов.

Magnetic polarity stratigraphy, the stratigraphic record of polarity reversals in rocks and sediments, is now thoroughly integrated into biostratigraphy and chemostratigraphy. For Late Mesozoic to Quaternary times, the geomagnetic polarity record is central to the construction of geologic time scales, linking biostratigraphies, isotope stratigraphies, and absolute ages.

Гильберштейн П.Г. О цифровой обработке данных сейсморазведки
Алферов В.В., Гильберштейн П., Гайзман Ю.А., Злобин Д.В., Умнов В.Ф. Аналого-цифровое устройство для предварительной обработки, кодирования и ввода в ЦВМ магнитных сейсмических записей
Айзман Ю.А., Алферов В.В., Гильберштейн П.Г., Злобин Д.В., Казаков Ю.И., Миненков И.Г. Специализированное устройство «Сейсмокод» для кодирования и ввода в ЦВМ визуализированных сейсмограмм

Environmental magnetism is a relatively new science. It essentially grew out of numerous interdisciplinary studies involving sediments in British lakes, but soon expanded to include sediments in other natural archives that also retain records of past global changes. Prominent among these are marine sediments, windblown deposits on land, and the thin layer of soil covering much of the continents. The materials residing in these various settings are of two main types: one transported in from elsewhere, the other created in situ. Material flux takes place in the hydrosphere, the atmosphere, and the cryosphere, the most important agents being rivers, ocean currents, ground water, wind, rain, snow, glaciers, ice sheets, and icebergs. We will be looking at examples of all of these. <...>

Our knowledge of the Earth's magnetic field has developed over many centuries, originating from some of the earliest scientific investigations. The first scientific treatise ever written is generally recognized as being the geomagnetic text Epistola de Magnete written by Petrus Peregrinus in 1269. This was followed more than three centuries later by the classical work De Magnete by William Gilbert in 1600.

This book is the sequel to Palaeomagnetism and Plate Tectonics written by Michael W. McElhinny, first published in 1973. The aim of that book was to explain the intricacies of paleomagnetism and of plate tectonics and then to demonstrate that paleomagnetism confirmed the validity of the new paradigm. Today it is no longer necessary to explain plate tectonics, but paleomagnetism has progressed rapidly over the past 25 years. Furthermore, magnetic anomaly data over most of the oceans have been analyzed in the context of sea-floor spreading and reversals of the Earth's magnetic field. Oceanic data can also be used to determine paleomagnetic poles by combining disparate types of data, from deep-sea cores, seamounts, and magnetic anomalies. Our aim here is to explain paleomagnetism and its contribution in both the continental and the oceanic environment, following the general outline of the initial book. We demonstrate the use of paleomagnetism in determining the evolution of the Earth's crust. <...>

Объект исследования – песчано-алеврито-глинистые образцы керна, порошки сферических кварцевых гранул, криогели, кондиционированные ими грунтовые композиты и образцы пластовых флюидов на предмет установления связи их времени поперечной релаксации с фильтрационно-ёмкостными свойствами, компонентным составом и типом пластовых флюидов.

Magnetism is one of the most pervasive features of the Universe, with planets, stars and entire galaxies all having associated magnetic fields. All of these fields are generated by the motion of electrically conducting fluids, via the so-called dynamo effect. The basics of this effect are almost trivial to explain: moving an electrical conductor through a magnetic field induces an emf (Faraday’s law), which generates electric currents (Ohm’s law), which have associated magnetic fields (Ampere’s law). The hope is then that with the right combination of flows and fields the induced field will reinforce the original field, leading to (exponential) field amplification <...>

В книге описываются геофизические и геохимические методы, применяемые пои поисках и оценке важнейших промышленных оловорудных месторождении. Рассматриваются теоретические предпосылки отдельных методов, новые данные по методике работ, а также результаты применения геофизических и геохимических методов в оловорудных районах СССР