This book is concerned with the study of ores as rocks—that is, with ore petrology. 
For much of the last three hundred years—and certainly for much of the twentieth century—most students of ore genesis have regarded the majority of metalliferous deposits as exotic entities, derived from extraneous sources and superimposed on geological situations to which they bore little or no genetic relationship. Almost the only exceptions have been those, such as ores of chromium and nickel, that have apparently formed as part of the igneous rocks that enclose them.

В пособии сформулированы представления о магмах и причинах разнообразия магматических пород; приведена современная классификация плутонических и вулканических образований; систематизированы сведения о типах метаморфизма и метаморфических пород.

Petrology is a required subject of study in a majority of geology programs in the United States and is an integral part of geology curricula in Canada and elsewhere in the world. The subject merits this important position because rocks make up much of the Earth. Furthermore, many subdisciplines in geology incorporate petrologic knowledge. Thus, petrology provides the foundation for the study of the Earth and its history. 

This book is intended as a reference book, providing extensive information on the applications of coal petrology and the importance of that discipline for characterization of coals in terms of composition and rank, for the assessment of coal quality, and for the prediction of coal properties and behavior during utilization. The book is especially recommended for coal producers, coal marketers, and others associated with the coal industry, as well as for coal researchers and teachers. It provides extensive background information not only on different coal characteristics and properties but also on the way those characteristics determine technological properties.

G. A . EFIMOVA, I . V . ZHUKOV, V . A . KALININ : Spectral approach to determination of longitudinal elastic wave attenuation in rocks at pressures up to 1.5 GPa

T . S. LEBEDEV, V. A . KORCHIN: A method of programmed modelling of thermobaric conditions of the lithosphere for studying mineral matter physical properties 

I . 0 . BAYTJK, V . A. KALININ : Effective elastic moduli of isotropic rocks at high pressure

T. S . LEBEDEV, G. Y. NOVIK, V. A. KORCHIN, M. G. SILBERSHMIT, T. K . ZAVORIKINA: Structural transformations of rocks and their effect on changes in elastic properties under different thermobaric conditions

Muz. K H . BAKIEV, A. K H . IBRAGIMOV : Study of P-wave velocity and density of Uzbekistan rock samples under high quasi-hydrostatic pressure up to 1.6 GPa 

This chapter introduces rocks and petrology, the science that attempts to explain the origin and distribution of rocks. Rocks are the solid material constituting the Earth, and it is essential to know what composition the planet has. We begin with a brief review of the planetary formation process and how it determined the Earth’s composition and major divisions into core and mantle.

Изучение коматиитов и сопутствующих им основных вулканитов, как характерных образований аохейских зеленокаменных поясов является важной проблемой в познании магматизма докембрия. Уже долгое время, начиная с 1969 года, когда впервые были описаны и выделены в отдельный класс высокомагнезиальные вулканиты в ЮАР братьями \Ziljoen, эта проблема интересует многих исследователей.

Some 75% of the rocks at the Earth’s surface are sedimentary in origin, and these include the familiar sandstones, limestones and shales, and the less common but equally well-known salt deposits, ironstones, coal and chert. Sedimentary rocks of the geological record were deposited in the whole range of natural environments that exist today. The study of these modern environments and their sediments and processes contributes much to the understanding of their ancient equivalents. There are some sedimentary rock types; however, for which there are no known modern analogues, or their inferred depositional environments are only poorly represented at the present time.

The origin of granite has for long fascinated geologists though serious debate on the topic may be said to date from a famous meeting of the Geological Society of France in 1847. My own introduction to the subject began exactly one hundred years later when, in an interview with Professor H.H. Read, I entered his study as an amateur fossil collector and left it as a committed granite petrologist - after just ten minutes!

This is the tenth book of a series which began in 1974 under the title Short Course Notes. In 1980 the Mineralogical Society of America changed the name and institutionalized this serial under the title Reviews in Mineralogy. The books published thus far are listed on the opposite page (p. ii); they are available at moderate cost from the Society. Volume 9B, "Amphiboles: Petrology and Experimental Phase Relations," was begun in 1981 in preparation for the Short Course on Amphiboles and Other Hydrous Pyriboles presented at Erlanger, Kentucky, October 29 - November 1, 1981, prior to the annual meetings of the Geological Society of America and associated societies. Unfortunately, only the first chapter was in manuscript form at the time of the short course, and publication was delayed by one year. Its printing coincides with that of Volume 10, "Characterization of Metamorphism through Mineral Equilibria," edited by John M. Ferry. <...>