Sedimentary structures that show up in outcrops and cores tell us about physical, biological and sometimes also chemical conditions at the time they were formed. Varying hydraulic or aerodynamic conditions result in assemblages of structures that often bear diagnostic features of sedimentary environments. Therefore an understanding of the origin of sedimentary structures and their assemblages is a prerequisite for sedimentologists and petroleum geologists involved in core description and interpretation.

We substantially revised the first and second editions of this book while retaining our original objectives: to help you better understand (1) the processes that erode, transport, and deposit sediments (sedimentology); (2) the characteristics and origins of sedimentary rocks (sedimentary petrology); and (3) the complex distribution of the sedimentary rock record in space and time (stratigraphy). The first two areas are the subjects of Chapters 1 through 14. The field of stratigraphy is covered in Chapters 15 through 19.

Sedimentary rocks form at low temperatures and pressures at the surface of Earth owing to deposition by water, wind, or ice. By contrast, igneous and metamorphic rocks form mainly below Earth’s surface where temperatures and pressures may be orders of magnitude higher than those at the surface, although volcanic rocks eventually cool at the surface. These fundamental differences in the origin of rocks lead to differences in physical and chemical characteristics that distinguish one kind of rock from another. Sedimentary rocks are characterized particularly by the presence of layers, although layers are also present in some volcanic and metamorphic rocks, and by distinctive textures and structures. Many sedimentary rocks are also distinguished from igneous and metamorphic rocks by their mineral and chemical compositions and fossil content.

Sediments are formed of materials deposited episodically from water, air and ice, as well as soils, coals and volcanic detritus. Compaction, cementation and burial processes lithify loose sediments into sedimentary rocks and occasionally mask the character of the original deposit. Fortunately, many lithified rocks possess qualities so similar to those of modern deposits.that the conditions under which they formed can be determined with some certainty. When fossil remains and traces exist, such determinations are greatly facilitated. On the other hand, there are sedimentary rocks, such as banded iron-formations and chalks, which can be described accurately but which still defy completely satisfactory genetic interpretation, because there are no clear modern equivalents. <...>

Geochemistry has deep roots. Its beginnings can be traced back to antiquity, but many of the discoveries that are basic to the science were made between 1800 and 1910. The periodic table of elements was assembled, radioactivity was discovered, and the thermodynamics of heterogeneous systems was developed. The solar spectrum was used to determine the composition of the Sun. This information, together with chemical analyses of meteorites, provided an entry to a larger view of the universe.

И книге дается краткая петрографическая характеристика осадочных пород нефтеносных областей Азербайджана; приводятся гранулометрический и минералогический составы типов пород. Особенное внимание уделено типоморфным   особенностям   терригенных компонентов.
На основе накопленного к настоящему времени огромного фактического материала приводятся петрографическое коррелятивы для отдельных стратиграфических комплексов, развитых на территории республики.
Книга предназначается для геологов-нефтяников; она может быть использована и геологами других профилей е качестве справочного пособия при решении ряда вопросов, связанных с геологией Азербайджана.

Работа посвящена изучению вторичных изменений в толще мезозоя мощностью от 1500 до 3000 м. Исследование проводилось с помощью стадиального анализа; для отдельных пластов предложена   (и   применена)   новая   количественная   методика.
Породы мезозоя претерпели эпигенетические изменения, причем в них хорошо сохранились черты   предыдущих  стадий   седнменто-   и   диагенеза.

Для интерпретации палеогеодинамических обстановок формирования терригенных толщ с начала 1980-х гг. широко используются данные о валовом химическом составе песчаников и тонкозернистых обломочных/глинистых образований. Опубликован ряд дискриминантных диаграмм, широко вошедших в практику региональных исследований (например, K2O/Na2O–SiO2/Al2O3, (Fe2O3* + + MgO)–K2O/Na2O и ей подобные, SiO2–K2O/Na2O, (K2O + Na2O)–SiO2/20–(TiO2 + + Fe2O3* + MgO) и др.).

The study of rocks using thin sections and a petrographic microscope was initiated by llcnry Clifton Sorby in the middle of the nineteenth century and the first rocks he described were silicified limestones from the Jurassic in Yorkshire. This work was published in 1851. His presidential address to the Geological Society of London in 1879 was entitled 'On the structure and origin of limestones' and Sorby had a series of plates. made from camera Iucida drawings, reproduced for private circulation with copies of the text of his address. These illustrated the microscopic characteristics oflimestones from throughout the British geological record and amounted to the first petrographic atlas <...>

Современное состояние процесса освоения нефтяных и газовых месторождений в Казахстане, характеризуется определенными сложностями при выборе оптимальных технологий поисков и разведки месторождений углеводородов. Это связано с изучением месторождений, формирующихся в сложных горно-геологических условиях, увеличением в общем балансе доли трудноизвлекаемых запасов, в том числе связанных с низкопористыми карбонатными коллекторами, приуроченностью ряда месторождений к зонам с особым режимом природопользования, имеющими ограничения на недропользование.