An essential objective of mathematics is to create settings and concepts to better understand our world. Mathematics is present in everyday life. Even more, almost all sciences undergo a process of “mathematization” due to increasing technological progress.

What is exactly that enables the mathematicians to provide the transfer from concrete measurements and observables to abstract mathematical formalisms and models? Some programmatic answers should be given at this early stage essentially inspired by the contributions in Freeden (2009, 2015), Freeden et al. (2019):

THIS book is an outgrowth of my doctoral dissertation at Harvard University. It is not a final report of investigation, nor does it presume to be the last word on hydrothermal ore-forming solutions.

A number of functional materials based on rare earth oxides have been developed in various fields. Up to 1990, many review articles describing rare earth oxides have been reported and several intensive articles deal the properties e.g. preparation, structure and transformation and have been published early nineteen nineties. In these ten years, much progress has been made in the characterization of rare earth oxides from high-resolution electron microscopy (HREM), as well as in a unique preparation of ultra-fine particles and in the theoretical calculation.

Analytical Methods for Geochemical Exploration covers chemical analysis methodology mainly for the determination of base metals and precious metals in geochemical exploration samples. It is meant for the practicing analyst. No principles of geochemical exploration are included since this constitutes specialist material that has been the subject of other books (1, 2). The theory of chemical analytical methods has been kept to a minimum. Complete procedures have been provided in most cases so that no additional sources are necessary to finish the analyses. To avoid misinterpretations, the authors' descriptions of equipment and reagents have been left as complete as possible.

This book deals with the theories and methodologies used by engineers for the analysis and design of the main geotechnical structures.

The word structures is used here with a clear intention: indeed, the book adopts a structural outlook, inspired by the approach of the Structural Eurocodes and similar documents based on the Limit State Design philosophy.

Morphology

Diatoms are microscopic unicellular algae. Whatever the shape or size of the cell, it consists of the same basic parts: the nucleus, cytoplasm, plasma membrane, and the cell wall.

1.1. Structure of the Cell Wall

Emphasis in this Introduction is placed on the structure of the diatom cell wall, as opposed to the living contents, as, in the main, interest in diatom study is directed toward the structure and microstructure of the cell wall. Classification of diatoms and their identification pertinent to many areas of investigation is based on the structure of, and markings on the cell wall as revealed by the light microscope (LM). It is therefore imperative that the student of diatoms possesses a good basic knowledge of that structure and the terminology associated with it. <...>

Structural geology is the branch of earth sciences that focuses on understanding the processes by which geological materials deform. Structural geologists use the rock record to study naturally deformed rocks, an endeavor that relies upon both fieldwork and, to an increasing degree, the use of microstructural observations to characterize deformed rocks. Other academic disciplines – such as branches of geophysics, engineering, materials science, and physics – share the goal of characterizing and understanding how natural materials deform. Those fields focus on laboratory deformation experiments or theoretical models of material behavior.

Книга посвящена особенностям химико-минералогического состава и физико-химическим свойствам диатомитов, опоки трепелов (высокое содержание аморфного кремнезема, тонкая пористость и др .), которые открывают широкие возможности использования их в различных отраслях народного хозяйства в качестве адсорбентов, осушителей, наполнителей, носителей катализаторов, строительных материалов и т.п.

В статьях сборника рассмотрены условия генезиса, поисковые признаки и ресурсы кремнистых пород на территории Советского Союза.

Установление возможно более точной стратиграфии является основой геологического познания любой области или района. Значение стратиграфии далеко не ограничивается тем, что она дает необходимое во всех случаях практики геолого-разведоч- ного дела представление о строении разреза, т. е. о последовательности напластования, составе и мощности отложений, слагающих тот или другой участок земной коры. Помимо этого, стратиграфия является основой для-любых тектонических построений и палеогеографических реконструкций, степень соответствия которых действительности во многом зависит от детальности стратиграфического расчленения отдельных разрезов и правильности их сопоставления. <...>

Издание содержит основные сведения из наук геологического цикла, а также справочные материалы, необходимые полевым геологам в экспедиционных условиях.

В нем освещаются вопросы полевой геологии, литологии, палеонтологии, тектоники, геохимии, геофизики, гидрогеологии, геоморфологии, геологии нефти и сопряженных дисциплин. Включены разделы: геологическая съемка, проектирование геолого-разведочных работ, стратиграфия, разведочное бурение, горные работы, кароггаж и ряд других. Издание рассчитано на работников полевых геологических и геологоразведочных партий, занятых поисками и разведкой залежей нефти, газа и других полезных ископаемых. Как справочник издание представит интерес и для более широкого круга читателей — для всех геологов, техников-геологов и инженерно-технических работников, производящих геологическиеили другие исследования в области развития осадочных горных пород