The name bentonite was suggested in 1898 by Knight for a peculiar claylike material with soapy properties from its occurrence in the Fort Benton unit of Cretaceous age formations in Wyoming (U.S.A.). Hewitt (1917) and Wherry (1917) first established that this particular clay is an alteration product of volcanic ash, although an earlier observation by Condra (1908) suggested this origin for a similar clay from northern Nebraska. Ross and Shannon (1926) presented the following definition which has been widely quoted:

Have you tried to walk across a farmer’s field in Montmorillon in France on a rainy October day? Marcel and Bertrand, his father, tried to do so in the fall of 1881 with fatal consequences. We will return to this terrible true story in the first chapter of this book for explaining how the soil at this place made it happen, continuing throughout the rest of the book by explaining how the dreadful soil, in fact, also has extremely beneficial properties in other contexts, like isolation of very hazardous waste.

The writer wishes to acknowledge the help of Dr. R. E. Grim of the Geology Department of the University of Illinois for supervising this work and for reading and criticizing this paper. Grateful acknowledgement is also made to Dr. W. F. Bradley of the Illinois Geological Survey and to Dr. G. W. Clark of the Chemistry Department of the University of Illinois for helpful suggestions in the theoretical and experimental X-ray work; to Dr. D. T. Englis of the Chemistry Department of the University of Illinois for allowing the use of the microphotometer; to Dr. M. M. Knechtel of the U. S. Geological Survey for making possible the field study of the Wyoming bentonite deposits; to the Baroid Sales Division of the National Lead Company for granting the fellowship under which this work was done and for supplying many of the samples which were used for study and to the geologists and chemists of that organization for allowing the use of their physical property determinations. <...>

The word “clays” was assigned early to fine grained material in geological formations (Agricola 1546) or soils (de Serres 1600). Clays have been identified as mineral species in the begining of the 19th century in the production of ceramic materials (Brongniart 1844). Then Ebelmen (1847) carefully analyzed the decomposition of rocks under chemical attack and the way that porcelain can be commonly made. Since this pionner works, the definition of clays has varied.

1. Описание октаэдрического кристалла пирита с Урала

2. О кристаллах пироксена из местности между Сурамским перевалом и Зварским ущельем

3. К вопросу о "ромбическом сечении" у плагиоклазов

4. Своеобразный кристалл турмалина

5. О двойнике турмалина

6. Амазонский камень из копи Мельникова

7. О двух горных породах с содержанием корунда и алювита

8. О кристаллах увльфенита из Кас-Кай-Гыра, Каркаралинского у.Секипалатинской области

This is the tenth book of a series which began in 1974 under the title Short Course Notes. In 1980 the Mineralogical Society of America changed the name and institutionalized this serial under the title Reviews in Mineralogy. The books published thus far are listed on the opposite page (p. ii); they are available at moderate cost from the Society. Volume 9B, "Amphiboles: Petrology and Experimental Phase Relations," was begun in 1981 in preparation for the Short Course on Amphiboles and Other Hydrous Pyriboles presented at Erlanger, Kentucky, October 29 - November 1, 1981, prior to the annual meetings of the Geological Society of America and associated societies. Unfortunately, only the first chapter was in manuscript form at the time of the short course, and publication was delayed by one year. Its printing coincides with that of Volume 10, "Characterization of Metamorphism through Mineral Equilibria," edited by John M. Ferry. <...>

Рассмотрены основные расчеты легирования при выращивании монокристаллов германия. Приведены методики расчетов программ выращивания монокристаллов с равномерным распределением примеси и свойств по длине для процессов зонной плавки и метода Чохральского. Предлагаемые методики расчетов иллюстрируются примерами. Методическое пособие предназначено для преподавателей специальных дисциплин и учащихся техникумов, инженерно-технических работников и передовых рабочих заводов

Обобщены н систематизированы сведения о 150 минеральных видах бора, опубликованные в мировой литературе до 1989 г. Приводятся данные о химическом составе борных минералов, их структуре и морфологии, физических свойствах и др.; особое внимание уделено их отличиям от породообразующих минералов. Рассмотрены общие вопросы минералогии бора и закономерности формирования его месторождений, вопросы тнпоморфизма минералов бора в месторождениях различных генетических типов.
Для специалистов, занимающихся поисками и изучением месторождений бора и других полезных ископаемых. Может быть полезна студентам и преподавателям геологических вузов и техникумов, а также специалистам, работающим в области исследования борных соединений.

I am indebted to many colleagues and former students for valuable suggestions and discussions and for having provided thin sections or images. I thank PD Dr. Afifé El Kohr (University of Fribourg) for reading all chapters and suggesting important improvements in the text and the figures. I thank Dr. Florence Bégué (University of Geneva) for reading and improving remarks on various chapters. Special thanks for commenting on various drafts are due to Prof. Richard Bevins (Natural Museum of Wales), Sam Carmalt (University of Geneva), Dr. William Cannon (US Geological Survey), and Dr. Kenneth M. Towe (Smithonian Institute, Washington).

Wawa has long been a center of mineral exploration activity and diamonds have been reported in the area since the 1930s. However, diamond exploration did not begin in the area in earnest until 1991. In 1993, Sandor Surmacz and Marcelle Hauseux of Saminex began a prospecting program in the area which culminated in their discovery of the “Sandor” diamond occurrence in an outcrop on the east side of the Trans-Canada Highway.