Geomorphology and engineering / Геоморфология и строительство

Many dictionaries describe engineering as the business of planning, designing, constructing, and managing machinery, roads, bridges, highways, dams, tunnels, etc. Others have defined it as the art, or even the science, of using power and materials most effectively in ways that are valuable and necessary to man. Engineering has been divided into many subfields, which represent nearly all the activities of man. Some of the older and more traditional fields include civil, mining, structural, hydraulic, sanitary, electrical, chemical, mechanical, military, agricultural, and related engineering specialities. Some newer fields in which the appellation ‘‘engineering’’ is commonly used include traffic, communications, illuminating, hydroelectric, aeronautical, automotive, heating, ventilation, acoustical, electronics, marine, and nuclear. New terms and combinations are continually instituted. For example, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, which was traditionally oriented along civil engineering lines, has begun to use such new terms as “coastal engineering,” as in their Coastal Engineering Research Center (CERC) near Washington, D.C., and many of their works in the Mississippi River Basin are described as being “river engineering.” Thus, the geomorphic process is increasingly being recognized as a significant component of engineering interest. <...>