Manual on drilling, sampling, and analysis of coal / Руководство по бурению, отбору проб и анализу угля

THREE A S TM STANDARDS are available for sampling coal: ASTM Practice for Collection of Channel Samples of Coal in the Mine (D 4596), ASTM Test Methods for Collection of a Gross Sample of Coal (D 2234), and ASTM Practice for Collection of Coal Samples from Core (D 5192). The first two standards are applicable only to existing mining operations, test pits, or transportation of coal.The last standard (approved in 1991) was written to aid in the sampling of drill cores of coal. (ASTM D 5192 is reprinted at the end of this manual.) Cores are widely used to supplement sampling coal, particularly in the exploration and development stages of coal assessments. The extraction of a representative vertical section of a coal seam by coring has proven to be an efficient method for obtaining data that can be used to describe and classify the physical and chemical characteristics of a coal reserve. Correlations of seams, determination of apparent rank, plans of mine and beneficiation plant design, estimations of reserve tonnage and environmental impacts, evaluation for coking and steam utilization, gasification, and liquefaction are some of the applications of the information generated from a drilling program. A coal seam is difficult to sample representatively and analyze because of its variability in chemical and petrographic composition and physical properties. Although core drilling has been proven to be effective in evaluating coal deposits, the various equipment for drilling and coring as well as the various geologic and drilling conditions encountered in the drilling operations can further complicate the process of core drilling. Failure to recognize and fully understand all of the complexities of drilling and coring can result in the collection of insufficient, excessive, or, even more serious, misleading or erroneous data. <...>