Igneous and metamorphic petrology / Петрология магматических и метаморфических горных пород

This book is intended for the use of advanced students, research workers, and teachers in the field of petrology. Its aim is to present a unified general impression of the origin and evolution of rocks that are generally believed to have crystallized, or to have been profoundly modified, at high temperatures and at pressures such as prevail from the earth's surface to a depth of perhaps 20 km. This impression must necessarily be marred and blurred by omissions and misinterpretations on the part of the authors, for it is based on data (of field association, mineralogy, chemistry, and fabric of the rocks themselves) too voluminous to be grasped and adequately handled by one or even two students. Moreover, its limitations reflect the prejudices and necessarily restricted geological experience of two individuals.
The science of petrology is underlain by chemical and physical foundations. Many of the most important advances in petrology during the past half century are the result of laboratory experiments of a physical or a chemical nature, and especially of investigation of phase relationships in various chemical systems (particularly in silicate systems) under controlled conditions. Modern petrological literature abounds in references to the concepts of equilibrium and stability, to the kinetics of chemical reaction, to mechanisms of diffusion of matter in and between various media, and to allied topics in the realm of physical chemistry. We have therefore devoted considerable space, especially in Chaps. 2, 14, and 17, to consideration of just such fundamental principles, treated mainly from the thermodynamic standpoint. The reader i^s advised to refer to this material whenever the physical and chemical implications of petrological data or of laboratory experiment are discussed in the text. <...>