Principles of structural geology / Основы структурной геологии

Principles of Structural Geology is designed to be a concise introduction to the deformation of the earth’s crust, encompassing the wide-ranging subject matter of introductory courses in structural geology. Three principal aspects of structural geology are emphasized:
1.    The basic principles of natural rock deformation are presented in Part II, Principles of Deformation (Chapters 3, 4, and 5), including stress, strain, and the physical processes of elastic, plastic, and brittle deformation of rock. These chapters present the basic principles of solid-state deformation to the level necessary to comprehend the main phenomena of structural geology. These principles are then applied over and over again in subsequent chapters. A few of the concepts are intrinsically somewhat complex, particularly stress and strain, and cannot be oversimplified without losing the power that they offer for understanding deformation. Special care is taken in these sections and throughout the book to develop a clear physical intuition of the important concepts. Equations are normally used only as a suppleriient to the text and are given in a form designed to help clarify the underlying physics.

2.    The description and origin of the main classes of deformational structures is presented in Part III, Classes of Structures (Chapters 6 through 11), including joints, instrusive and extrusive structures, faults, folds, fabrics, and impact structures. Much of this material is descriptive and is important for gaining a realistic comprehension of natural deformation in the earth. A special effort has been made to present real structures, using photographs and well-documented maps and cross sections rather than schematic idealized drawings. Following the basic description, each chapter contains sections on the physical origin of the structures, applying the principles already introduced. For example, the chapter on joints immediately applies material from the preceding chapter on fractures. <...>