Commercial surfactants for remediation Mobilization of trace metals from estuarine sediment and bioavailability / Коммерческие поверхностно-активные вещества для очистки Мобилизация микроэлементов из эстуарных отложений и их биодоступность

Metals are important for the normal development of organisms but they need to be in there allowed limits but if they exceed their limits, they become toxic for organisms as they are non-biodegradable and it continues in the environment and bioaccumulates in the organisms. Metals enter in the sediment through natural and anthropogenic activities. Human activities that lead to sediment contaminations are improper industrial discharge, deforestation mining tailings, poor agricultural practices, waste disposal, urban run-off, and etc. Basically, it can be divided into point and nonpoint sources of pollution. Point source pollution comes from any particular source such as a pipe and ship. Nonpoint source pollution cannot be found because it originates from numerous diffuse sources such as rainfall moving over and through the ground. Contaminated sediment not only contains metals such as lead, mercury, cadmium but also contains a large variety of other contaminants such as ammonia, phosphorous polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), chlordane, DDT, oil, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs), chlorinated hydrocarbons, and etc. These contaminants found in sediments can cause human health problems through the food chain. <...>