Methods in karst hydrogeology / Методы в гидрогеологии карста

The main aim of this book is to provide an introduction to the most relevant investigation methods and techniques that can be used to study karst hydrogeological systems, including modern approaches to interpreting and modelling the data obtained. Studying karst aquifers is not only scientifically challenging, but it is also important for humanity. Ford & Williams (1989) estimated that 25% of the world’s population drink water from such resources. Although this number is probably an over-estimate, karst groundwater constitutes a crucial freshwater resource for many countries, regions and cities around the world. At the same time, karst aquifers are commonly highly vulnerable to contamination and are impacted by a wide range of human activities (Drew & Hötzl 1999). Bakalowicz (2005) noted that karst waters are often avoided as a resource if possible because of the perceived difficulties in exploitation and their high vulnerability. For example, around the Mediterranean, karst water resources are still under-exploited, and huge quantities of potential drinking water drain via submarine springs into the sea, even in regions with a shortage of freshwater. However, karst waters can be developed if general rules, specific to karst, are followed. The techniques presented in this book can assist in better exploiting and protecting these resources.

The book is intended to be useful for practitioners dealing with karst groundwater resources, their protection, management and exploitations. Also postgraduate students, PhD students and senior scientists doing their research in the field of karst hydrogeology will find much useful information about available techniques. The methods presented range from basic to sophisticated, so that the reader can select techniques that are adapted to the purpose, and to the availability of time, technical and human resources. The methods described can be used for a wide range of applications, such as the delineation of spring catchment areas, the siting of pumping wells, the monitoring of water quality, the assessment (and resolution) of chemical and microbial contamination problems, and vulnerability mapping. Problems related to karst and groundwater may also arise during construction works such as tunnels or reservoirs. Although this book does not specifically deal with engineering aspects as this is done in other books (e.g. Milanovic´ 2000), the methods described can also assist in solving hydrogeological problems that occur during construction works <...>