Crystallization technology handbook / Руководство по технологии кристаллизации

The aim of this book is to provide reliable information not only on the science of crystallization from solution and from melt but also on the basic design methods for laboratory and especially industrial crystallizers. Up to now the niche between scientific results and practical design and operation of large-scale crystallizers has scarcely been filled. A work devoted to this objective has to take into account relevant crystallization phenomena as well as chemical engineering processes such as fluid dynamics, multiphase flow, and heat and mass transfer. In the design of crystallizers, experiments are initially performed on laboratory crystallizers to obtain kinetic data. In this book, information is given on reliable scale-up of such crystallizers. The selection, design, and operation of large-scale industrial crystallizers based on fundamentals is the most significant objective of this work. To this end, an appendix listing important physical properties of a large number of crystallization systems is included. A selection of design data valid for industrial crystallizers with volumes up to several hundred cubic meters demonstrates the applicability of the design and scale-up rules. To date, the design of crystallizers has not been achievable from first principles. The reason is very simple: a complex variety of different processes occur in crystallizers, such as nucleation, crystal growth, attrition and agglomeration of crystals, fluid dynamics, and heat and mass transfer. Some of these processes are not yet well understood although the design and operation of large-scale crystallizers require reliable knowledge of the most essential processes. The book presents a survey of the state of the art and stresses the interrelationships of the essential mechanisms in such an apparatus. Furthermore, with respect to nucleation and crystal growth, general approaches have been developed to predict the kinetic rates that are needed for chemical engineering design and a new chapter on agglomeration has been added. <...>