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Access to clean water is a human right and a basic requirement for economic development. The safest kind of water supply is the use of groundwater. Since groundwater normally has a natural protection against pollution by the covering layers, only minor water treatment is required. Detailed knowledge on the extent, hydraulic properties, and vulnerability of groundwater reservoirs is necessary to enable a sustainable use of the resources.
Many engineering projects, especially major ones, entail excavations into water-bearing soils. For all such excavations, appropriate system(s) for the management and control of the groundwater and surface water run-off should be planned before the start of each project. In practice, this can only be done with knowledge of the ground and groundwater conditions likely to be encountered by reference to site investigation data. The control of groundwater (and also surface water run-off) is invariably categorized as ‘temporary works’ and so is often regarded by the client and their engineer or architect as the sole responsibility of the contractor and of little or no concern to them. In many instances, this philosophy has been demonstrated to be short-sighted and ultimately costly to the client <...>
The International Hydrological Programme (IHP) is as an evolving programme, ready to adapt to the needs of an ever changing society. In order to respond promptly and with appropriate actions, the programme is implemented in six year phases, so as to identify new emerging problems, alert decision makers, raise public awareness and provide the necessary resources.
Today, integrated water resources management poses not only scientific, but also technical, socio-economic, cultural and ethical challenges. IHP is a multidisciplinary programme at the forefront of research and development; and to this end is a prominent agent in meeting the United Nations Millennium Goals.
Understanding of groundwater has developed significantly since 1972 when the first part of the original volume of Groundwater Studies was published by UNESCO. Yet for someone who is just commencing the study of groundwater, there is still a need for a text which will help in starting their work. For those with a greater experience in hydrogeological investigations, there is a need to increase awareness both of more recent work and information about techniques which are outside their previous experience. This new volume is intended to meet both of these needs and therefore it has the subtitle ‘An International Guide for Hydrogeological Investigations’.
This document was prepared in the framework of the Fourth Phase of the International Programme as Project M-1-3 that was supervised and directed by Habib Zebidi, Water Science Specialist, Division of Water Sciences, UNESCO and after his retirement in 1999 by his successor Ms Alice Aureli.
Dr Habib Zebidi has drawn contributors and members for an editing committee from different countries. They brought to this volume their own distinctive perspectives, for all are acknowledged experts with extensive experience of practical groundwater issues. The members of the editing committee have provided a certain unity of style end presentation and also they have tried to keep the size of this document in hand. Each chapter is intended to provide sufficient information to comprehend the fundamentals of the topic; in addition reference is made to publications where further information can be obtained for more detailed study. The contributing authors are listed below per chapter and details are given in Appendix A-3.
The Pamir–Tibet–Himalaya orogenic system (Fig. 1) has been growing as a consequence of the collision between the Eurasian and the Indian plates since the Early Eocene (e.g. Hodges 2000). While the time of formation and the magnitude of shortening across the Tibetan Plateau are relatively well constrained, its origin and evolution are disputed, untested, or unknown (e.g. Yin & Harrison 2000).
GSLIB is the name of a directory containing the geostatistical software developed at Stanford. Generations of graduate students have contributed to
this constantly changing collection of programs, ideas, and utilities. Some of the :nost widely used public-domain geostatistical software [58, 62, 721 and many more in-house programs were initiated from GSLIB. It was decided to open the GSLIB directory to a wide audience, providing the source code to seed new developments, custom-made application tools, and, it is hoped, new theoretical advances <...>
This Geoguide presents a recommended standard of good practice for the civil engineering aspects of rock cavern applications in Hong Kong. It will also serve as a reference document for non-specialists involved in the administration of cavern projects.
This Geoguide presents a recommended standard of good practice for the civil engineering aspects of rock cavern developments in Hong Kong. It also serves as a reference document for non-specialists involved in the planning and administration of cavern projects.
The purpose of this guide is to provide a concise resource for the application of the CPT to geotechnical engineering practice. This guide is a supplement and update to the book ‘CPT in Geotechnical Practice’ by Lunne, Robertson and Powell (1997). This guide is applicable primarily to data obtained using a standard electronic cone with a 60-degree apex angle and either a diameter of 35.7 mm or 43.7 mm (10 or 15 cm2 cross-sectional area).
