Volcanogenic massive sulide (VMS) deposits, also known as volcanic-hosted massive sulide, volcanic-associated massive sulide, or sealoor massive sulide deposits, are important sources of copper, zinc, lead, gold, and silver (Cu, Zn, Pb, Au, and Ag). These deposits form at or near the sealoor where circulating hydrothermal luids driven by magmatic heat are quenched through mixing with bottom waters or porewaters in near-sealoor lithologies. Massive sulide lenses vary widely in shape and size and may be podlike or sheetlike. They are generally stratiform and may occur as multiple lenses.

The Antarctic Research Series: Statement of Objectives Board of Associate Editors 

The Velocity Structure of Mount Erebus, Antarctica, and Its Lava Lake R. R. Dibble, B. O'Brien, and C. A. Rowe

Velocity Modeling in the Erupting Magma Column of Mount Erebus, Antarctica R. R. Dibble

The Seismic Activity of Mount Erebus in 1981-1990 Katsutada Kaminuma

Monitoring Mount Erebus by Satellite Remote Sensing D. A. Rothery and C. Oppenheimer

The science of volcanology is the study of the transport of magma and its eruption on the surface. It is thus closely allied to the science of petrology, which is the study of the generation of magmatic liquid during melting and its modification and eventual disappearance during crystallization or quenching. The terrestrial planets are generally composed of a thin outer  crust; a solid mantle, which typically forms the dominant mass of the planet; and a dense iron-rich core, which may be liquid as in the case of the earth. Owing to a variety of chemical and physical processes, localized melting may occur in the outer mantle or lower part of the crust, leading to formation of molten rock or magma.