This is the tenth book of a series which began in 1974 under the title Short Course Notes. In 1980 the Mineralogical Society of America changed the name and institutionalized this serial under the title Reviews in Mineralogy. The books published thus far are listed on the opposite page (p. ii); they are available at moderate cost from the Society. Volume 9B, "Amphiboles: Petrology and Experimental Phase Relations," was begun in 1981 in preparation for the Short Course on Amphiboles and Other Hydrous Pyriboles presented at Erlanger, Kentucky, October 29 - November 1, 1981, prior to the annual meetings of the Geological Society of America and associated societies. Unfortunately, only the first chapter was in manuscript form at the time of the short course, and publication was delayed by one year. Its printing coincides with that of Volume 10, "Characterization of Metamorphism through Mineral Equilibria," edited by John M. Ferry. <...>

We present a ring-shear apparatus designed to deform soft, ductile rock analogues to arbitrarily high shear strains in simple shear, in experiments attempting to model processes that occur in natural ductile shear zones. The sintered specimen is deformed between two unsupported cylinders by two rotating grips, under a normal and shear stress up to 5 MPa and at temperatures up to 600 K. First results of experiments with octachloropropane (OCP, C3C18) and camphor (C10Hl6O) are presented.

Carlin-type deposits contain gold in association with main-stage quartz-pyrite-kaolinite mineralization and late-stage orpiment-realgar-calcite-barite mineralization. Fluid characteristics for main-stage mineralization are well documented by fluid inclusion and stable isotope studies on quartz. In contrast, fluid characteristics for late-stage mineralization are not well constrained because of large ranges in fluid inclusion microthermo-metric data. These ranges could represent real variations in fluids or be a result of the reequilibration of fluid inclusions.

Microthermometric analyses were conducted on fluid inclusions in samples of barite, calcite, realgar, and or-piment from the Betze and Carlin mines, Nevada. Petrographic studies of individual crystals and cleaved sections reveal that fluid inclusions in realgar and barite have negative crystal shapes, in contrast to elongate and rounded inclusions in orpiment and calcite. Point-count data document that one-phase liquid inclusions (type 1) are the dominant type in barite and realgar, relative to two-phase, vapor-poor inclusions (type 2) in calcite and orpiment. Type 2 inclusions in realgar and barite commonly reequilibrate (e.g., stretch) during analysis and exhibit ranges in homogenization temperatures (Th) of 100º to 250ºC and 110º to 300ºC, respectively. In contrast, type 2 inclusions in orpiment and calcite have Th of 108º to 182ºC, which could be repeated to within 1ºC. Based on these results, fluid inclusions in barite and realgar are most susceptible to reequilibration, with Th of ~100º to 110ºC most representative. Fluid salinities for orpiment and calcite are 1.7 to 5.4 wt percent NaCl equiv, relative to 1.1 to 2.9 wt percent NaCl equiv for barite and realgar. The lower Th and salinity for fluid inclusions in barite and realgar suggest fluid cooling and dilution, following the deposition of paragenetically earlier orpiment and calcite.

In the broadest sense, the science of geophysics is the application of physics to investigations of the Earth,Moon and planets.The subject is thus related to astronomy. Normally, however, the definition of ‘geophysics’ is used in a more restricted way, being applied solely to theEarth. Even then, the termincludes such subjects asmeteorology and ionospheric physics, and other aspects of atmospheric sciences.