Many problems in engineering geology are fundamentally problems in three dimensional geometry. Spherical projection is a time t€sted technique by means of which complex and arbitrary orientation problems can be solved manually with relative ease. ln spite of rapid developmens in computing hardware, no analytical software has been created which seems capable of adequately replacing spherical projectioo techniques. Therefore, maDy attempts have been made to computerize ihis method. The majority of these attemPts have resulted in programs which are static and inllexible in nature. DIPS, a program which was developed as the main compoDent of this wor! duplicates, on the comPuter, the flexibility, graphical visualization potential and interactive nature of the original spherical projection tecbniques

The deep oceans and global seafloor are truly Earth’s last frontier. They remain largely unexplored, yet are critical to our survival on this planet. This magnificent volume transports you to volcanoes, boiling hot springs, and fault zones in mountains a mile beneath the ocean surface, where bizarre landscapes host exotic life forms that rival the most imaginative science fiction.

The discovery of Oyu Tolgoi, Mongolia, one of the largest copperegold deposits in the world, became one of the most remarkable events in the mining industry of Mongolia during the 21st century.
The authors of the book took a direct part in the events that consequently led to the discovery of Oyu Tolgoi, which is now rightly included in the global list of unique mineral deposits. In the following pages, the authors convey their discovery story interestingly and honestly.

Fruta del Norte is a completely concealed and extraordinarily well preserved epithermal gold-silver deposit located in the remote Cordillera del Cóndor mountain ranges of southeastern Ecuador. Currently defined resources in a single, steep, relatively small body, displaying exceptional grade continuity, contain 9.81 million ounces (Moz) of gold and 15.0 Moz of silver, with an indicated resource grade of 9.59 g/t Au and 12.9 g/t Ag. The deposit was discovered in early 2006 during a greenfields program conducted by Aurelian Resources, a Canadian junior explorer. Discovery resulted from systematic drill testing of a conceptual geologic model, which predicted that auriferous veins would be present in andesitic volcanic rocks inferred to underlie a steep silicified rib cutting a fluvial conglomerate sequence.