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Crystal growth of diamonds at the Earth’s mantle depths of 150–800 km had been accompanied by a fragmentary capturing minerals, melts and volatile compounds (as diamond-hosted inclusions) from the parental melts. This indicates convincingly that diamonds were originated jointly with the phases of primary hermetic inclusions in a common parental medium. This opens up possibilities for evaluating the general chemistry of natural diamond-producing systems from the compositions of significantly different phases associated with diamonds in primary inclusions. Of particular value is that it has been made possible to determine the boundary compositions for the experimental systems which duplicate the natural ones responsible for genesis of diamonds and associated phases. As a consequence, the principal problems of diamond genetic mineralogy may be formulated. It became apparent, that the methodology of physico-chemical experiments is of crucial importance in solution of the genetic problems for diamonds and associated phases. <...>
The Precambrian is of very special significance in the evols ution of the Earth’s crust. It represents almo st seven-eighth of the geological history of our planet. During this period of time, lasting approximately 4,000 million years, the basement of continental land masses and the deposits of iron and manganese ore were formed. These latter are of world-wide significance both in quantity and extent. They form part of the natural resources of the geographical environment and their study is important both for developed and developing countries <...>
Gale is pleased to present the third edition of Geo-Data: The World Geographical Encyclopedia. This is the first new edition of Geo-Data since 1989, and it represents a complete revision and updating of that work. The purpose of the book remains unchanged: to provide the reader with the most detailed and comprehensive descriptions available for the physical geography of countries. Geo-Data’s focus and design is unique.
Exploration for Platinum: A Contemporary Viewpoint C.J. MORRISSEY (Riofinex North Ltd, Bristol, UK) The Platinum Market: Recent History and Future Developments C. R. N. CLARK (Johnson Matthey pIc, London, UK)
Evaluation of the Nickel Sulphide Bead Method of Fire-assay for the Platinum-Group Elements using Neutron Activation Analysis S.J. Parry, I. W. Sinclair & M. Asif {Imperial College Reactor Centre, Ascot, UK) Preconcentration of Precious Metals by Tellurium Sulphide Fire-assay Followed by Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis I. Shazali, L. Van’t dack & R. Gijbels {University of Antwerp, Belgium) The Potential of Fire-assay and ICP-MS for the Determination of Platinum-Group Elements in Geological Materials {Abstract) The late A. R. Date, A. E. Davies & Y. Y. Cheung {British Geological Survey, London, UK) ICP-AES Determination of Precious Metals in Difficult Materials P. Whitehead {Johnson Matthey Technology Centre, Reading, UK) <...>
Of all of the sciences utilized in modern archaeological research, that of geology has the longest history of association with archaeology. Surprisingly, perhaps, geoarchaeology as a recognized sub-discipline has taken slightly longer to establish itself than others such as bioarchaeology. There is still some uncertainty about what exactly geoarchaeology encompasses, and some differences of usage of the term between Europe and North America. This brief introduction explores some of these issues, and attempts to place the other contributions to this volume in a slightly broader context.
Вопрос об образовании гранитоидных пород, известный геологам всего мира как «гранитная проблема», до сих пор не решен, а потому и актуален, однако современные петрологические исследования постепенно проясняют сложную историю этих наиболее распространенных глубинных пород, при этом уделено внимание разнообразию геотектонических обстановок, путям образования и исходному материалу гранитоидных магм, механизмам их возникновения и процессам, вызывающим вариации состава и потенциальной рудоносности гранитоидных тел во времени и пространстве.
In this volume John Carranza not only offers a comprehensive review of the current state-of-the-art of processing geochemical data, their integration with complementary geodata sets and multivariate data analysis using spatial statistics to create maps enhanced for mineral exploration, but also brings the Handbook series to something of a milestone. This marks the first volume in which the topic of an earlier volume (Vol. 2) is in effect revisited and updated; though the approach and format are – appropriately – entirely fresh.
In Chapter 1 we noted that magmas with distinctive major element characteristics are associated with specific tectonic settings. For example, calc-alkaline series magmas are apparently associated uniquely with subduction, while low-K tholeiitic basalts are the typical products of magma generation at constructive plate margins. However, in general, the major element characteristics of primary mantle derived magmas are * not particularly sensitive indicators of tectonic setting.
In a country like India various types of earth science data have been generated for about 170 years by the Geological Survey of India (GSI) and subsequently by its much younger sister organizations like Oil and Natural Gas Corporation, Indian Bureau of Mines, Atomic Minerals Division, Central Ground Water Board etc. and a number of public sector undertakings like Hindustan Copper Limited, Hindustan Zinc Limited etc. In addition to these various earth science related organizations, State Departments of Mines and Geology and a number of academic institutions and Geology Departments under the various universities and Indian Institute of Technologies have come up after the independence of India.
The Igarape Bahia gold mine is located in the Carajds region, Para State, northern Brazil. The area is a typical example ofsupergene gold mineralization related to gossans, where superimposed lateritization processes obliterated their upper horizon and gave rise to new and wider dispersion of gold and of other metals, with meaningful consequences for geological exploration in this environment. An exploration program in this area was carried out by Docegeo, a subsidiary of "Companhia Vale do Rio Doce - CVRD", which is the sponsor of the Carajds mining district and, currently, is also minigfor gold at Igarape Bahia.
