To what has already been said in the Introduction to the first part To f .this memoir I may add that the magnitude of the material was not fully appreciated when that Introduction was written. Dr. Aldinger's large collection consisted essentially of ammonites; and the reader who peruses the present part will see at once that the beauty of the preservation of these ammonites of which I spoke is in striking contrast to the general defectiveness of the Oxfordian and Lower Kimmeridgian invertebrates illustrated in the first part. Compared with the ammonites, the few other mollusca in the collection were so negligible that I did not hesitate to include them in the account, partly because their description by specialists would have meant a long delay. Since February, however, and as the other invertebrates in Mr. Rosenkrantz's collections were gradually being unpacked, there accumulated such a mass of material that in spite of much of it being named by Rosenkrantz, I began to regret having included fossils other than cephalopoda in my account. <...>

The hyperspectral remote sensing technology has been available to the research community for more than three decades. Since in its first steps the hyperspectral technology was also promoted as a tool for mineral exploration. Numerous mineral exploration applications of hyperspectral remote sensing have been reported. This paper provides an up-to-date and focused review of the applications of the hyperspectral remote sensing to mineral exploration. The ore deposits are grouped based on major processes of formation (magmatic, hydrothermal, sedimentary, supergene).

Many of the problems which arise during a study in structural geology are essentially exercises in three-dimensional geometry. Data acquired from field-observations—strike and dip of planes (beddingplanes, planes of schistosity or cleavage, faults, etc.), the pitch and plunge of lineations (outcrops, slickensides, micro-folds, flow-lines, elongation of mineral components or of inclusions, etc.) and all other related vector data are incorporated in a geological map and in accompanying illustrative sections. Both in the construction of such sections and of related block-diagrams, and in the further study of the structural features of an area, it is frequently necessary to make various calculations. Sometimes, indeed, as in many of the problems of mining geology and in the interpretation of borehole cores, the necessity for calculation arises at an even earlier stage since such fundamentals as the dip and strike of a bedded series are only indirectly derived from the observed data.  <...>

Felsic rocks of the Rooiberg Group, which constitutes the roof of the Bushveld Complex., host the discordant volcanic pipe and associated surrounding pyroclastic and sedimentary rocks, called the Vergenoeg suite. The volcanic pipe is situated at the crossing of strong aerial photo and magnetic lineaments, about in the centre of the four lobes of the Bushveld Complex in the Republic of South Africa.

The Vergenoeg suite constitutes of an uppermost stratiform sedimentary unit, followed by fragmental conformably stratified hematite and hematite-fluorite units. This is followed by a breccia agglomerate and then a basal unit of ignimbrites. A discordant volcanic pipe completes the suite. The Vergenoeg volcanic pipe has a vertical funnel-like shape. At the surface this is about 900 m in diameter, tapering sharply in depth to where it is still open-ended at more than 650 m. Horizontal zoning exists in the pipe, with a hematite-fluorite or gossan cap at surface, followed by a deeper zone of unoxidised magnetite-fluorite, then a magnetite-fayalite transition zone and finally a fayalite zone at the deepest levels. Fluorite, siderite and pyrite veins, dykes and lenses are present throughout all the zones. Contacts between zones are gradual but are sharp with the felsic host rock. Felsite breccias, cemented by fluorite, siderite and pyrite are found at depths.