Uranium deposits and signifi cant occurrences are reported from ten regions of Asian Russia. Th ey include all signifi cant districts and present production centers in Russia (>Fig. 10.1).OECD-NEA/IAEA (2005) reports a total of 172 400 t U as remaining resources recoverable at <$80 per kg U, 131 750 t U of which are attributed to the RAR and 40 650 t U to the EAR-I category. Resources distribution by types of deposits amounts to 117 120 t U in volcanic-, 21 410 t U in sandstone-, and 33 870 t in vein-type deposits.

This paper address the question of why giant gold deposits are so unevenly spread over the continents, what processes control their distribution, and how more might be found? Using the source-migration-trap paradigm, it is proposed that the regional distribution of gold deposits is controlled by fluid access to gold sources on a regional scale, and by large-scale migration mechanisms.

Показатели продуктивности порфировых месторождений Cu-Au+Pd±Pt: данные из Скуриса, полуостров Халкидики, Греция, и сравнение с мировыми минерализациями

: The research interest for many authors has been focused on the origin, recovery, and exploration of critical metals, including platinum-group elements (PGEs), with the aim of finding new potential sources. Many giant porphyry Cu deposits are well known around the Pacific Rim, in the Balkan–Carpathian system, Himalayas, China, and Malaysia. However, only certain porphyry Cu-Au deposits are characterized by the presence of significant Pd and Pt contents (up to 20 ppm).

The Elatsite porphyry copper deposit is one of the two operating large Bulgarian copper and gold deposits. It is located in the Elatsite-Chelopech ore field, the northernmost part of the Panagyurishte ore district of the Apuseni-Banat-Timok-Srednogorie magmatic and metallogenic belt. The ore mineralization is associated with the Late Cretaceous magmatic activity manifested in the area. It is of vein-disseminated type and builds up a large ore stockwork.

This volume was stimulated by a Pardee Symposium titled “Evolution of the Early Atmosphere, Hydrosphere, and Biosphere: Constraints from Ore Deposits,” which we convened in 2002 at the national meeting of the Geological Society of America. The history of Earth’s early atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere, from Hadean through Archean and into Proterozoic time, is one of the enduring puzzles in the geological sciences. When did the oceans appear, and did they remain liquid throughout Earth’s history? What was the composition of the early atmosphere, and how did it affect climate? How did the atmosphere and ocean compositions change through time, and why? When, where, and how did life emerge on Earth? When did cyanobacteria, sulfate reducers, methanogens, and eukarya appear, and how did they affect their geologic environments? How did changes in the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere affect the lithosphere, and vice versa?

Simplified definition Quartz and carbonate veins with valuable amounts of gold and silver, in faults and shear zones located within deformed terrains of ancient to recent orogenic  reenstone belts. Scientific definition Greenstone-hosted quartz-carbonate vein deposits (GQC) are a sub-type of lode gold deposits (Poulsen et al., 2000) (Fig. 1). They are also known as mesothermal, orogenic (mesozonal and hypozonal - the near surface orogenic epizonal Au-Sb-Hg deposits (Groves et al., 1998) are not included in this synthesis), lode gold, shear-zone-related quartz-carbonate or gold-only deposits (Roberts, 1987; Colvine, 1989; Kerrich and Wyman, 1990; Robert, 1990; Kerrich and Feng, 1992; Hodgson, 1993, Kerrich and Cassidy, 1994; Robert, 1995; Groves et al., 1998; Hagemann and Cassidy, 2000; Kerrich et al., 2000; Goldfarb et al., 2001; Groves et al., 2003; Goldfarb et al., in press; and references therein).

Uranium is one of the most important energyrelated materials, with current use almost entirely for generating electricity and a small proportion for producing medical isotopes. About 17% of the world’s electricity is generated from 440 nuclear reactors spread across 30 countries, and 8% of the total energy consumed globally comes from nuclear power (EIA 2007). Energy generated from U has a minimal “carbon footprint” and substitution of nuclear generated electricity for coal has been proposed to offset the additional emissions expected from the increase in energy anticipated in the future (Pacala & Socolow 2004). To meet the current and projected needs of the uranium industry, discovery of new deposits and development of new technologies for both exploration and processing are critical. 

The idea for this book originally began as a description of the hydrothermal model for the concentration of platinum-group elements (PGE) in layered intrusions. This is a model that is contrary to the majority opinion of those who work in layered intrusions, and acceptance requires overcoming a certain amount of cognitive dissonance with longstanding interpretations. However, much of the supporting evidence has grown stronger over time and the need to present a full and detailed description of the model is long overdue.

Although uranium occurrences are widespread in Mongolia, minable or potentially economic deposits are restricted to date to the North Choibalsan region (Mardai/Dornod District, referred to as Mardai in Mongolian and Dornod (or Dornot) in Russian papers) in NE Mongolia and to the Gobi Desert in S Mongolia (e.g. Choir, Khairkan, Undurshil, Sainshand Basins) (Note: data given for U deposits in Mongolia are based on 1995 status unless otherwise cited). Deposits in these two regions are of volcanic and sandstone type, respectively.

Precambrian mineral deposits are now becoming more significant in the mineral-raw materials balance for many countries in the world, since the vast majority of ores of iron, titanium, vanadium, gold and uranium, non-metals such as muscovite and phlogopite, and considerable amounts of asbestos and barite are currently being worked from Precambrian deposits. Recently, new types of gold, rare-metal, tungsten, tin, beryllium, rare-earth, radioactive elements, platinoids and manganese ore bodies have been discovered, as well as deposits of unusual geochemical associations such as Ni-U, U-Cu-Au and Pt-Au.