The papers in this volume are all dedicated to Professor Paul Ramdohr, on the occasion of his 90th anniversary. The authors - and many more professional colleagues, friends, and students - owe an immense measure of gratitude to him for his guidance in scientific work and related problems, including principles of teaching and research.

Today’s Turkey occupies an important geopolitical location: the junction of Europe and Asia. Geographically, Turkey is composed of Anatolia (the so-called Asia Minor) and Thrace, an eastern section of Europe. The Sea of Marmara, which is an inland sea, together with the Dardanelles and the Bosphorus separates Anatolia from Thrace and, at the same time, Asia from Europe. Being surrounded on three sides – by the Mediterranean Sea to the south, the Aegean Sea to the west and the Black Sea to the north – Turkey offers the characteristics of a peninsula. Turkey is one of the charter members of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and G20 (the Group of 20) where the world’s leading industrialised and developing countries meet to gather and discuss international affairs. The Customs Union Agreement between Turkey and the European Union plays a significant role in the development of the foreign tradecapability of the country. Construction, automotive, electronics, banking, textiles, petrochemistry, food, mining, agriculture and machinery industries are currently the leading sectors of Turkey’s economy <...>

Plate tectonics, as it operates in the modern earth, represents in a fundamental sense a mechanism by which excess thermal energy from the mantle is dissipated (Sclater et ai., 1980). A substantial data base now exists concerning the operation of plate tectonics during Phanerozoic time, and evidence for similar tectonic activity during Proterozoic time appears to be steadily growing, both in quantity and quality.

Knowledge of equilibria in aqueous systems as well as understanding the processes occurring in hydrothermal mixtures are based to a large extent on experimental data on phase equilibria and solution properties for aqueous systems at temperatures above 150–200 °C. These data have been extensively applied in a variety of fi elds of science and technology, ranging from development of the chemistry of solutions and heterogeneous mixtures, thermophysics, crystallography, geochemistry and oceanography to industrial and environmental applications, such as electric power generation, hydrothermal technologies of crystal growth and nanoparticle syntheses, hydrometallurgy and the treatment of sewage and the destruction of hazardous waste.

Copper belongs to those metals whose concentrations in nature arise from a broad diversity of endogeneous and exogeneous processes, which applies to essentially all genetic classes of ore deposits.

This is the first proceedings volume on copper metallogeny to cover the worldwide distribution of the four main groups of copper deposits, including in Part I: copper-nickel deposits with cobalt and platinum group elements; Part II: copper-molybdenum-gold deposits with silver, zinc, and lead; Part III/IV: copperzinc-lead deposits (with silver etc.).

What is economic geology? It may be defined as the study of geological bodies and materials that may be useful to mankind. The materials included are fuels, metallic and non-metallic minerals, rocks and water. This book will exclude considerations of water and building materials, and will concentrate on ores and fuels.

Some people may say that economic geology is a subdiscipline within the geological sciences, but this is not strictly correct, for it is unlike other su}?disciplines, such as palaeontology, igneous petrology, structural geology, and so on, which all go to make up the science of geology, for each of these can exist independently. Economic geology cannot exist as a separate discipline, for it has to be based on the broad spectrum of the geological sciences.

The Cleo gold deposit, 55 km south of Laverton in the Eastern Goldfields Province of Western Australia, is characterised by banded iron-formation (BIF)-hosted ore zones in the gently dipping Sunrise Shear Zone and high-grade vein-hosted ore in the Western Lodes. There is evidence that gold mineralisation in the Western Lodes (which occurred at ca 2655 Ma) post-dates the majority of displacement along the Sunrise Shear Zone, but it remains uncertain if the ore in both structures formed simultaneously or separately.

Research on base metal sulfide deposits is among the oldest and best-documented subjects of economic geologists worldwide, considering that copper was first mined about 3000 years ago on the island of Cyprus.

During the past 10 years, after the exciting discovery of active sulfide formation on the modem ocean floor, a considerable flow of new ideas has stimulated and influenced the discussion of oreforming processes for copper-zinc-Iead sulfides in sedimentary and volcanic environments. The development of new genetic concept sconsequently led to reinterpretation of some apparently well-established formation models. <...>

Определение бериллия основано на испарении анализируемого образца в смеси с буферным порошком из канала угольного электрода в дуге переменного тока и измерении интенсивности излучения фотографическим методом <...>

Satellite remote sensing technology has progressed to advanced levels of practical application, particularly in the areas of optical and radar imagery. Optical imagery can be utilised to map lithological details as well as identifying mineral deposits. The multi-parameter imaging radar proved useful in mapping structures as well as estimating surface roughness. In addition, new satellite sensors are planned for the next few years which promise better spectral and spatial resolutions. <...>