Магнитные микросферулы (ММ) нередко встречаются в горных породах и техногенных образованиях. Их диаметр составляет менее 1 мм, они обладают сферической формой, оплавленной поверхностью и магнитными свойствами. С момента первых находок ММ во второй половине XIX столетия во льдах Арктики и глубоководных красных глинах Тихого океана [180, 214, 251, 252, 257–259, 309] интерес к данным образованиям неуклонно растет как со стороны минералогов, геохимиков, астрономов, экологов, так и специалистов, занимающихся техногенными месторождениями. Весьма похожие по морфологии и свойствам ММ обнаружены в местах падения древних и современных метеоритов [3, 28, 31, 76, 123, 124, 151, 187, 270, 273, 286, 288, 291, 292, 298 и др.], в вулканических породах [27, 45,75, 78, 79, 81, 87, 99, 102, 112, 130, 202, 236, 250 и др.] и техногенных образованиях [38, 46, 49,73, 90, 98 и др.].

Предлагаемая монография — результат многолетней экспериментальной и теоретической работы по изучению минералогии и свойств лёссовых отложений районов юго-востока Русской платформы и Предкавказья. Вопрос об изучении природы физических, водно-физических и механических свойств лёссовых пород, увязка их с петрографическими и химико-минералогическими характеристиками имеет большое значение для инженерной геологии, которой приходится решать сложные задачи и осуществлять трудоемкие и дорогостоящие мероприятия для обеспечения надежной работы сооружений, воздвигаемых на лёссовых грунтах. Правильное решение этих задач будет способствовать успешному осуществлению огромных масштабов строительства, намеченных XXII съездом КПСС.

Proceedings of the Eighth Biennial SGA Meeting Beijing, China, 18–21 August 2005

1. Tectonics, lithospheric, and deep mantle controls on global metallogenic provinces and giant ore deposits

2. Basin evolution: base and precious metal mineralization in sediments

3. Uranium deposits: metallogeny and exploration 

4. Magmas and base-metal ore deposits

5. Epigenetic gold systems

6. Submarine ore systems and ancient analogues: Global comparisons of VMS (IGCP 502)

7. Understanding or systems though precise geochronology,isotope tracing and microgeochemistry

For several decades geologists have been applying field, petrographic, and geochemical methods to study the diagenesis of limestones, dolomites, evaporites and sandstones. The most successful studies have integrated field and petrographic work with various geochemical methods. For most applications, the value of any one of the most commonly applied techniques has often been limited; however, when applied together they have proven very useful. Careful petrography has been the most important and reliable component of diagenetic studies.

The productions of our globe naturally distribute themselves into three grand divisions, the Animal, the Vegetable, and the Mineral or Inorganic; and our knowledge of the various kinds of objects in these departments constitutes the natural sciences, Zoology, Botany, and Mineralogy.

The Be mineral beryl and its colored variants emerald, aquamarine, and “chrysoberyl” (= golden beryl, not the present chrysoberyl) were known to the ancients, and Pliny the Elder had noted that many persons considered emerald and beryl “to be of the same nature” (Sinkankas 1981, p. 20; also Dana 1892; Weeks and Leicester 1968). However, not until 1798 was it realized that beryl contained a previously unknown constituent; analyses before then yielded only silica, alumina, lime and minor iron oxide (Vauquelin 1798; Anonymous 1930; Weeks and Leicester 1968; Greenwood and Earnshaw 1997).

Microscopy is a servant of all the sciences, and the microscopic examination of minerals is an important technique which should be mastered by all students of geology early in their careers. Advanced modern textbooks on both optics and mineralogy are available, and our intention is not that this new textbook should replace these but that it should serve as an introductory text or a first stepping-stone to the study of optical mineralogy. The present text has been written with full awareness that it will probably be used as a laboratory handbook, serving as a quick reference to the properties of minerals, but nevertheless care has been taken to present a systematic explanation of the use of the microscope as well as theoretical aspects of optical mineralogy. The book is therefore suitable for the novice either studying as an individual or participating in classwork. <...> 

An evolution in applied mineralogy related to processing began in the mid 1960's, and significantly modified the scope of the field. Many new instruments were developed and enabled applied mineralogists to accurately determine a wider array of mineral characteristics than was previously possible. The results had a major impact on processing, and many operations now use applied mineralogy as a standard tool. The expanded scope of applied mineralogy made one realize that a dedicated mineralogist is essential at most large mining operations; a person who performs applied mineralogy as an adjunct to other duties can no longer develop the breadth of knowledge and experience that is required to recognize and determine mineral properties that affect different processes. It is also recognized that, to be able to assess what to look for, the applied mineralogist should be a member of a team performing investigations. <...>

The classification of minerals has changed throughout the ages, the criterion of classification following the development of the mineralogical science. In ancient times, the classification of minerals was mainly based on their practical purposes. According to Theophrastus (372-287 B.C.), and Plinius (77 A.D.), minerals were classified as gemstones, ores, pigments, etc. In the Middle Ages, Geber (Jabir Ibn Hayyi'm, 721-c.803), proposed a classification based on the external characteristics and some physical properties of minerals such as hardness, fusibility, malleability and fracture; this physical classification was developed later by  Avicenna (Ibn Simi, 980-1037), and Agricola (1546). With Werner (1774) the physical classification attained its maturity and was generally adopted at the end of the XVIII century. <...>

Популярный рассказ для старшеклассников о профессии геологов, о радости новых открытий, о драгоценных россыпях полезных ископаемых Сибири и Забайкалья.