For centuries mountains and rock sites were seen merely as almost insurmountable obstacles to development. Even though mines have been known for centuries, it is only a rather recent development to consider rock sites as being something more than a mere inconvenience, and to use them for practical purposes such as underground storage rooms, built-in hydro-power plants, etc.

In history and prehistory artefacts and structures are often concealed beneath the surface of the earth as a result of geological processes and perhaps more frequently as a result of human activity. A key aspect of landscape archaeology lies in the identification and interpretation of this hidden evidence or in the broader sense of the buried landscape.

The International Year of Planet Earth (IYPE) was established as a means of raising worldwide public and political awareness of the vast, though frequently under-used, potential the Earth Sciences possess for improving the quality of life of the peoples of the world and safeguarding Earth’s rich and diverse environments.

Inverse solutions are key problems in many natural sciences. They form the basis of our understanding of the world surrounding us. Whenever we try to learn something about physical laws, the internal structure of the earth or the nature of the Universe, we collect data and try to extract the required information from these data. This is the actual solution of the inverse problem.

Evaluating Different Geophysical Monitoring Techniques for Geological Carbon Storage Lianjie Huang and Xianjin Yang 

Part I Geodetic and Surface Monitoring

Geodetic Monitoring of the Geological Storage of Greenhouse Gas Emissions Donald Vasco, Alessandro Ferretti, Alessio Rucci, Giacomo Falorni, Sergey Samsonov,  Don White, and Magdalena Czarnogorska 
Surface Monitoring, Verification, and Accounting (MVA) for Geologic Sequestration Storage Samuel Clegg, Kristy Nowak-Lovato, Robert Currier, Julianna Fessenden, and Ronald Martinez
Part II Subsurface Seismic Monitoring

Kashmir valley is a northwest-southeast directed, Neogene-Quaternary tectonic basin in the NW Himalaya. Due to the active tectonic set-up in and around this basin, this region has been struck by various destructive earthquakes (Ambraseys and Douglas, 2004). The October 8, 2005 Kashmir earthquake (Mw 7.6) was the most recent earthquake that shook the region.

Fifty years have now passed since Graham (1954) published his seminal paper advocating the use of anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) as a rapid and sensitive petrofabric tool. During these five decades, Graham's 'underexploited' method has become standard, and AMS and related techniques are now routinely applied to characterizing fabrics in a wide variety of geological materials (e.g. the GEOREF database lists over 500 journal publications with 'magnetic anisotropy' as keywords).

Soil response to seismic motion (cyclic dynamic loading) depends on the mechanical properties of the soil. Soil behavior under various conditions of loading is defined by one or the other of its mechanical properties. In conditions of heavy loading, soils can exhibit dynamic instability, when their deformability and the probability of destruction increase.

Dynamic properties of soils have been investigated since the 1900s and addressed in a number of renowned studies of K. Terzaghi, N.M. Gersevanov, V.A. Florin, Ya.I. Frenkel, M. Biot, and others. A qualitatively higher level of the research has been reached in the late 1960s and early 1970s after the catastrophic earthquakes of 1964 in Anchorage (Alaska) and Niigata (Japan) and the 1971 earthquake in California.

Часть II "Руководства" содержит лабораторные работы, ориентированные на освоение студентами навыков решения интерпретационных задач сейсморазведки. Как и часть I, оно предназначено для студентов специальностей 0103 и 0105 и является учебным материалом к курсам "Общий курс геофизических методов", "Полевая геофизика" и "Сейсморазведка".
Руководство предназначено для студентов специальностей 0103 и 0105

This book discusses how—by analysis of the physical felds and processes within and on the Earth—we learn how old the Earth is, about its internal structure and external form, and about the causes and properties of its magnetic and temperature felds. What will not be discussed are the geophysical survey methods for characterizing the upper crust that are used to explore for mineral ore deposits and hydrocarbon reservoirs; specialized textbooks should be consulted for these.