Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has revolutionized our understanding of shale petroleum systems through microstructural characterization of dispersed organic matter (OM). However, as a result of the low atomic weight of carbon, all OM appears black in SEM (BSE [backscattered electron] image) regardless of differences in thermal maturity or OM type (kerogen types or solid bitumen).

In present paper it have been considered the lithology of “Lingulovye” mudstones complex. This complex attributes to the Lower Kazanian formation and forms regional marker in Republic Tatarstan. “Lingulovye” mudstones accumulated within vast epicontinental sedimentary basin during Early Kazanian transgressive phase at the East of Russian plate.

Analysis of strain in Jurassic argillites forming part of the folded and thrusted sedimentary succession of the Lagonegro basin (southern Italian Apennines) has been carried out using ellipsoid-shaped 'reduction' spots as strain markers. Most of the determined finite strain ellipsoids are of oblate type and show a peculiar distribution of the maximum extension direction (X), with maxima either subparallel or subperpendicular to the local fold axes.

При бурении скважин в современных экономических условиях выполнение технико-экономических показателей является основной задачей. Поглощение промывочной жидкости, недостаточная осведомленность о геологической структуре района работ, проявления в процессе бурения, нарушение стабильности ствола скважины, механические и дифференциальные прихваты приводят к ухудшению качества проводки скважин и задержке сроков их окончания.