The formation of sedimentary rocks may be reduced, in its most generat form, to the following scheme: mobilization of substances by weathering of parent rocks or by other means-+transfer of sedimentary material and partial deposition of this material in the course of transport -+arrival of the sediments at the terminal discharge basins and the final precipitation of the sediments here, which is conditioned by the physicochemical and hydrobiological peculiarities of the basins-+eonversion of sediments to rocks <...>

The book is concerned with the physical properties, chemical composition, and origin of minerals, and also with the systematic description of the latter. The petrographic sections of the text introduce to the essentials of igneous sedimentary and metamorphic rocks: their composition, occurrence, and origin. The description of minerals and rocks is, where appropriate, supplied with an indication of their practical value and sites-of occurrence.

The most important principles of geochemical prospecting, based on both Soviet and non-Soviet experiences of the last decade, are discussed.
The regularities in the distribution of the chemical elements in crustal rocks, and the main factors responsible for the migration and concentration of elements by natural processes, are used as a theoretical basis for applying the techniques of geochemical prospecting. Special emphasis in the discussion of the above theoretical principles is placed on the logical integration of geochemical techniques with other methods in solving specific problems at various stages of exploration. A special section of the book is concerned with the application of statistics to geochemical prospecting.
This book is intended for geologists engaged in mineral prospecting, as well as for geology students.

Металлогения и минерагения
Костин А.В., Зайцев А.И. Чуруктинское молибденовое проявление: условия формирования, масштабы, перспективы

Блинов А.А. О генетических типах россыпей мелких и тонких частиц золота в речных отложениях
Стратиграфия, региональная геология и тектоника
Кутыгин Р.В., Бяков А.С. О пермских аммоноидеях Охотского региона
Гриненко В.С. Проблема границы триаса—юры в складчатом обрамлении востока Сибирской платформы

The most striking features of crystals are their symmetric, polyhedral forms. Federov said that crystals “flash-forth their symmetry” (Shubnikov and Kopstik, 1974), a strong allusion to the sharp, highly reflecting surfaces of well-formed crystals prized by enthusiasts. We learned from Häuy that the shapes of crystals reflect the arrangements of the particles from which they are constructed. Today, these arrangements are routinely deduced from x-ray diffraction patterns. In the 19th Century, prior to the discovery of x-rays, the perturbations to the state of visible light traversing a crystal were used to assay symmetry.

Ideally, the symmetry of a crystal that an investigator would deduce from shape, from the transmission of visible light, from the scattering of x-rays, or from any other method, should be the same. However, as early as 1818, David Brewster in Edinburgh first noticed that some crystals appeared to have lower optical symmetries than morphological symmetries (Brewster, 1818b). <...>

Garnets occur in more than 30 natural mineral parageneses forming the rocks of magmatic, metamorphoric and metasomatic origin, which suggests their crystallization in a wide range of physicochemical parameters. By the ratio of main components (Ca, Mg, Al, Fe, Cr, Mn), garnets are divided into two major groups: almandine (pyrope, almandine, and spessartite) and andradite (grossular, andradite, and uvarovite). Pyropes are contained mainly in high-temperature peridotites and eclogites from deep xenoliths carried by kimberlite and alkaline-basaltic melts. In high-temperature and mesobaric metamorphic complexes (eclogites, granulites, gneisses, and schist), as well as in metasomatic rocks (skarns) garnets are represented by the varieties of almandine-grossular-pyrope series. When systematizing garnets by chemical compositions and parageneses in which they occur, normally different binary diagrams are used, including the diagrams in CaO–Cr2O3 coordinates [Sobolev, 1964; Sobolev et al., 1973]. <...>

This monograph is the generalization of up-to-date data and theoretical ideas on the problems of the geochemistry of rare earth elements (REE) in ultramafic and mafic rocks as well as in their minerals. As is the convention in the Russian, URSS literature, by the term “rare earth elements’’ or REE, we mean, after Henderson (Rare Earth Element Geochemistry, 1984), the chemical elements of Group IIIA of the Periodic Table of Elements from lanthanum to lutetium with atomic numbers from 57 to 71: La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu. For brevity, this group of elements is sometimes referred to as “lanthanides’’ (Solodov et al., 1998).

На IX съезде Карпато-Балканской геологической ассоциации (КБГА), происходившем в сентябре 1969 г. в Будапеште, принято решение о создании металлогсмичсской карты Кар-пато-Балканского региона масштаба 1 : 1 000 000. Выполнение этих работ возложено на Комиссию минералогии и геохимии.
Согласно решению IX съезда КБГА Комиссия минералогии и геохимии в конце 1970 г. разослала макет условных обозначений к металлогеническон карте во все страны-участ ннцы КБГА для обсуждения. На заседании Комиссии минералогии и геохимии в сентябре 1971 г., состоявшемся в Киеве, советская национальная подкомиссия демонстрировала макет мсталлогеннческой карты Карпат и условных обозначении к нему. Решением Комиссии эти материалы приняты как первый вариант макета.
В сборнике рассматривается макет металлогеническон карты Карпат, а также выступления участников заседаний при обсуждении макета.

The reader probably is acquainted with some books of the series: Physics for Everybody, Chemistry for Everybody, Mechanics for Everybody, Algebra for Everybody, Geometry for Everybody and Arithmetic for Everybody. In the form of short stories, these books write of the interesting processes and phenomena that take place in nature, and describe unique mechanisms; they answer riddles in mathematics, physics, chemistry and mechanics, put posers, and explain the fundamentals of some sciences in a simple and entertaining manner. Academician A. E. Fersman in his Mineralogy for Everyone, which has had a run of several editions, has shown that this seemingly dry subject, with its enumerations of minerals, their forms, properties and occurrence, is quite fascinating. He has made rocks come alive and has told of their varied uses in everyday life and in technology. The author transports his readers to mountains, quarries and mines, to a fairyland of minerals and crystals. <...>

Amazonite is a mineral that has attracted scientific attention for generations and has been studied by prominent geologists including A. des Cloiseaux, N.I. Koksharov, V.I. Vernadsky, A.E. Fersman, V.M. Goldschmidt, and A.N. Zavaritsky. The history of amazonite discovery and scientific research is rich in riddles, paradoxes, misconceptions, and presuppositions. The time and place of the first amazonite finding is heavily debated even today. The very name of the mineral seems paradoxical, as there have been no known amazonite fields in the Amazon River basin. Evaluations of the mineral’s significance remain quite controversial [1, 2, 23]. Despite more than two centuries of research history and innumerable papers dedicated to amazonite, it continues to draw the attention of geologists and mineralogists. What are the reasons for this continuing interest in amazonite? <...>