This book is designed as a companion volume to AAPG Memoir 27. As with its predecessor volume, the purpose of this book is to provide identified illustrations of important grains, textures, cements, and porosity types for geologists who may not be specialists in the petrography of sandstones and associated sedimentary rocks.

Sandstone petrography is of particular interest to the explorationist for several reasons. First, it can provide valuable information on the detailed composition of sedimentary rocks. From this, one can often draw conclusions about the lithology, climate, and tectonic history of the source area, as well as predicting the response of such units to a variety of subsurface diagenetic environments. Second, one can acquire significant data on the grain size, sorting, and rounding of sedimentary grains. For lithified sediments this may be the only way to obtain such data, which may be useful in determinations of the transport mechanisms and depositional environment of the sediment. Third, information may be obtained on the postdepositional alteration history of sedimentary rocks. This may include data on compaction, cementation, leaching, fracturing, porosity types, and other factors. These are essential for a proper understanding of reservoir rocks and, commonly, petrography provides the only technique fort gathering accurate data on such diagenetic factors <...>

In principle, the distribution of the elements among coexisting phases in equilibrium can be predicted, if one knows the Gibbs free energies of formation and activity coefficients of all chemical species in all phases as functions of temperature, pressure, and compositions of phases. Because this is not always possible, many geochemists attempt to explain and predict the geochemical behavior of various elements by their atomic properties, such as electron configuration, ionization energies, ionic radii, ionic potentials, electric polarizability, crystal lattice energies, hydrolysis constants, solubility products, and electronegativity. This kind of approach has proved to be useful but has also caused confusion when the exact physical meaning of those parameters is ignored.
In order to provide a framework for the discussion in the following chapters, these atomic properties and their closely interrelated nature are reviewed in the following sections. For ease of explaining the observed relative abundance of nuclides in the solar nebula in the next chapter, some pertinent nuclear properties are also reviewed here. <...>

This report is a descriptive model of Mississippi ValleyType (MVT) lead-zinc deposits that presents their geological, mineralogical and geochemical attributes and is part of an effort by the U.S. Geological Survey Mineral Resources Program to update existing models and develop new models that will be used for an upcoming national mineral resource assessment. This deposit modeling effort by the USGS is intended to supplement previously published models for use in mineral-resource and mineral-environmental assessments.

The Elatsite porphyry copper deposit is one of the two operating large Bulgarian copper and gold deposits. It is located in the Elatsite-Chelopech ore field, the northernmost part of the Panagyurishte ore district of the Apuseni-Banat-Timok-Srednogorie magmatic and metallogenic belt. The ore mineralization is associated with the Late Cretaceous magmatic activity manifested in the area. It is of vein-disseminated type and builds up a large ore stockwork.