The Lower Proterozoic succession in Northern Sweden, hosts a major iron oxide province with a widespread and diverse base metal sulphide mineralisation. A large amount of geological and exploration data exists, but fundamental questions remain regarding the distribution and relationship of the iron and predominantly copper rich sulphide mineralisation. Detailed field, isotopic, mineralogical, petrological, fluid inclusion and structural observations are now providing new data on this historically important and significant province. Genetic concepts can now be reassessed and specific deposits re-evaluated to investigate the interrelationship of base metal mineralisation, iron oxide deposits, rock alteration, metamorphism, orogenic cycles, structural development and igneous activity.

This book is an educational monograph addressed to graduate students and others undertaking isotope effect research. The fundamental principles needed to understand isotope effects are presented in appropriate detail. While it is true that these principles in the beginning will be more familiar to students of physical chemistry, and some background in physical chemistry is strongly recommended, the text provides enough detail to make the book an asset to students in organic and biochemistry, and geochemistry. Isotope effects are widely employed in many fields of science because of their utility. The underlying scientific principles needed to apply isotope effects to problems in physical chemistry, in organic and biochemistry, and in geochemistry are all the same or similar. This accounts for widespread communication between scientists in very different disciplines who share a fundamental interest in isotope effects. Nowhere has this been better exemplified than at the Gordon Conference on Isotope Effects which has met regularly for more than 50 years and has just as regularly stimulated cooperative efforts. <...>

Questions about the geochemistry of manganese, the regularities of the distribution of manganese deposits, znd the composition of manganese ores and conditions of their formation have been treated in an extensive scientific literature, consisting of over 5000 titles. Among them are commonly known works by V.I. Vernadskii, A.E. Fersman, A.G. Betekhtin, N.S. Shatskii, N.M. Strakhov, and S. Roy. Substantial contributions to the explanation of the nature of manganese-ore deposits have been provided by the research of I.M. Varentsov, J.B. Maynard, K.F. Park, J. Ostwald, B. Bolton, F. Veber, N. Beukes, J. Gutzmer, G.S. Dzotsenidze, D.G. Sapozhnikov, E.A. Sokolova, L.E. Schterenberg, and many other Russian and international researchers.

The methodology of isotope and geochemical studies involves the most complicated analytical procedures to obtain high-quality results and application to the analytical data of the genetic criteria developed by isotope geochemistry. Our results and recommendations can be regarded as innovative; they are for the first time based on such a broad and complete (11 systems) set of studies of independent isotope systems with nano- and micro-amounts of matter.