Petrophysics, beginning with Archie’s historical yet evergreen equations, has a key function in all applications of geosciences, petroleum engineering and related technologies. It helps us to understand the processes and controlling properties and creates relationships between parameters we can measure as output of the dramatic progress in exploration techniques and properties we need for reservoir characterization (hydrocarbons, water, minerals, geothermal energy), exploration of natural resources, geotechnical constructions and environmental protection.

An intimate coexistence of minerals in close contact with one another, observed repeatedly in definite geologic settings, is called their paragenesis. The paragenesis of minerals may result from different causes. Usually by paragenesis is meant an association of minerals formed simultaneously as products of a certain stage of a given process. Such, for instance, is the paragenesis of minerals formed at the same time by a metamor-phic process and existing in close contact with one another. In this book we have in mind precisely this kind of paragenesis of simultaneously formed minerals. Some authors use the term paragenesis to designate an association of noncontemporaneous minerals, provided there is regularity in their occurrence together. Such, for example, is the paragenesis of primary minerals with the products of their decomposition, or the paragenesis of minerals which crystallize in a regular sequence from a cooling magma or a hydrothermal solution, forming overgrowths on one another. The term paragenesis will not be used here in this broader sense. <...>

It has long been recognized that atomic interactions are key in understanding largescale geological phenomena, which is an approach dating at least as far back as the days of Goldschmidt [1]. Conversely, a study of the materials that comprise the planets can tell us much about fundamental physics and chemistry. This line of approach is subsequently exemplified by Pauling's development of the theory of chemical bonding from the structural studies of minerals [2].

Красной нитью этого тома является идея подставления различных методов исследования процессов, происходящих в реальных озёрах. Часть I посвящена подходам и техникам численного моделирования, приложенным к демонстрации отклика озера на ветровое воздействие. Она начинается с представления баротропных и бароклинных течений и распределений температуры воды, формирующихся в озере Цюрих в результате действия различных ветровых сценариев.