Sediment Dynamics in Artificial Nourishments

A Cost–Benefit Approach to Discuss Artificial Nourishments to Mitigate Coastal Erosion

Sediment Transport and Morphological Response to Nearshore Nourishment Projects on Wave-Dominated Coasts

Subaqueous and Subaerial Beach Changes after Implementation of a Mega Nourishment in Front of a Sea Dike

Morphological Development and Behaviour of a Shoreface Nourishment in the Portuguese Western Coast

Sediment hosted replacement gold deposits, also termed Carlin-type gold deposits from where they were first described, have been major gold producers in the western U.S. (98.8 million ounces discovered; Singer, 1993). Most deposits lie along deep crustal fracture systems which define the Carlin and Battle Mountain Trends (Madrid and Roberts, 1990). Significant new discoveries within the Carlin Trend include the Betze-Post and Meikle ore systems (Bettles and Lauha, 1991), with production of 7.1 million ounces andreserves of 28 million ounces of gold at the end of 1994 (Volk et al, 1995). Reviews of this style of gold mineralization by Bagby and Berger (1985), Sawkins (1984), Sillitoe and Bonham (1990), Berger and Bagby (1991), and Kuehn and Rose (1995) present geological models for this deposit type. Critical in the development of these models has been the recognition of similar deposit types in other settings (e.g., Bau, Sarawak; Wolfenden, 1965; Sillitoe and Bonham, 1990: China; Cunningham et al., 1988: Melco and Barney's Canyon deposits, Bingham District, U.S.; Babcock et al., 1992: Mesel, North Sulawesi; Indonesia; Turner et al., 1994; Garwin et al., 1995: and elsewhere in the eastern and western Pacific Rim, G. Corbett and T. Leach, unpub. data; Gemuts et al, 1996: Fig. S.l).

This cutting-edge summary combines ideas from several sub-disciplines, including geology, geomorphology, oceanography and geochemistry, to provide an integrated view of Earth surface dynamics in terms of sediment generation, transport and deposition. Introducing a global view of fundamental concepts underpinning source-to-sink studies, it provides an analysis of the component segments which make up sediment routing systems. The functioning of sediment routing systems is illustrated through calculations of denudation and sedimentation as well as the response to external drivers; with the final sections focusing on the stratigraphic record of sediment routing systems. Containing quantitative solutions to a wide range of problems in Earth surface dynamics, this book is suitable for graduate students as well as academic and professional researchers. philip a. allen is Emeritus Professor of Sedimentary Geology at Imperial College London and a process-oriented Earth scientist with a particular interest in the interactions and feedbacks between the solid Earth and its ‘exosphere’ through the critical interface of the Earth’s surface. He has received the Royal Society Wolfson Research Merit Award for 2006 to 2011 and the Lyell Medal from the Geological Society of London in 2007. He served on the Council of the Geological Society from 2008 to 2012, and was Secretary of the Science Committee from 2009 to 2012.