Changes in ideas on teaching geological map interpretation for first year degree course level, and for ‘A’ level syllabuses, indicated that some modifications might be made to the latter part of this book. Apart from minor amendments and the updating of terminology, three main changes have been made. First, the topic of isopachytes (see p. 30) is generally taught in degree courses but is not to my knowledge dealt with in any book on geological maps. Problems of overburden isopachytes are introduced first, being applied to Map 9 and a redrawn Map 10, while bed isopachytes are covered by two new maps, 18 and 19. Second, rather more emphasis is placed on subsurface problems. Third, in the last decade maps set by several ‘A’ level examining boards have been line drawings based on geological survey (BGS) maps. Their solution depends not on the construction of structure contours but on broad interpretation of outcrop patterns. Of course, all maps should be approached in this way, first deducing the general structures before drawing any constructional lines. Three maps, one new to this edition, are based on geological survey maps and additional exercises on survey maps are included. Where possible, terminology has been explained in the text, but if necessary, readers can consult a specialist dictionary, such as Monkhouse and Small, A Dictionary of the Natural Environment, (London, Edward Arnold, 1978), or Whitten and Brooks, A Dictionary of Geology, (Harmondsworth, Penguin, 1978).

My thanks are due to colleagues named above for their continuing interest and helpful suggestions, to Dr D.E. Roberts and especially to Dr R. Pickering, and to Mr Carl Burness for drafting my new and amended maps to such a high standard. <...>

В сборнике произведена классификация разломов по геологической значимости, генезису, структурному положению и возрасту и дается их подробное описание. На востоке Сибирской платформы выделены прото-геосинклинальные и орогенные разломы фундамента и платформенные разломы чехла, которые по возрасту и структурному положению группируются в 12 систем. Отдельно рассмотрены краевые швы Сибирской платформы. В мезозоидах Верхояно-Чукотской области выделены геосинклинальные и орогенные разломы, которые группируются по кинематическим признакам в 9 систем. Рассматриваются вопросы локализации полезных ископаемых в зонах разломов.

Сборник будет интересен в первую очередь тектонистам, нефтяникам, металлогенистам, магматистам и геологам других специальностей.

Micromechanics of brittle faulting and cataclastic flow in Berea sandstone
The role of intragranular fracturing on grain size reduction in feldspar during mylonitization
Deformation mechanisms and inverted thermal profile in the North Almora Thrust mylonite zone, Kumaon Lesser Himalaya, India
Crustal-scale strain partitioning: footwall deformation below the Alpine Oligo-Miocene detachment of Corsica
Structural and metamorphic evidence of local extension along the Vivero fault coeval with bulk crustal shortening in the Variscan chain (NW Spain)

Many important decisions, ranging from locating an oil prospect or a land-fill site to determining the location and size of an earthquake-producing fault, are based on geological maps. Because a map-scale structure is never completely sampled in three dimensions, geological maps and the cross sections derived from maps are always interpretations. The interpretation may be complicated by direct structural observations, like bedding attitudes, that are misleading because they represent a local structure, not the map-scale structure.

Editorial: Manuscripts and illustrations on disk
Northwest-verging folds and the northwestward movement of the Caledonian Jotun Nappe, Norway
The Monashee decollement at Cariboo Alp, southern flank of the Monashee complex, southern British Columbia, Canada
Kinematics and a balanced and restored cross-section across the toe of the eastern Nankai accretionary prism
Neogene ongoing tectonics in the Southern Ecuadorian Andes: analysis of the evolution of the stress field
The case for simultaneous deformation, metamorphism and plutonism: an example from Proterozoic rocks in central Arizona
Structural controls on syntectonic metasomatic tremolite and tremolite-plagioclase pods in the Molanite Valley, Mt. Isa, Australia
The role of microcracking in shear-fracture propagation in granite

The study of seismic wave propagation, especially of the P (longitudinal) waves, has enabled us to distinguish two components in the shallower part of the earth:

- The crust (thickness varying from 10 to 70 km, average 30 Ian);

- The underlying mantle, separated from the crust by a surface of discontinuity at which the seismic-wave velocities change suddenly (the Mohorovicic discontinuity, generally shortened to Moho).

Геологическое изучение сдвиговых зон началась с работ цюрихского геолога Арнольда Эшера фон дер Линта, который в середине прошлого века откартировал и правильно интерпретировал зону разлома в Центральных Альпах с отчетливыми левосторонними смещениями амплитудой от 500 до 800 метров (другим замечательным открытием Арнольда Эшера была знаменитый надвиг Гларус в Рэтских Альпах, с изучения которого началась современная тектоника). В конце прошлого века появились первые сообщения о сдвигании при землетрясениях, а после Большого Калифорнийского землетрясения 1906 года на разломе Сан Андреас существование процессов сдвигообразования стало общепризнанным. Анализ сейсмических событий на сдвиге Сан Андреас привел к установлению первого сдвигового сейсмического механизма упругой отдачи (Reid, 1910), основанного на деформационной модели Кулона – Андерсона (Anderson, 1905). В течении нескольких десятилетий после этого крупные сдвиговые зоны были детально откартированы во всех частях света. Эти исследования обосновали методы корреляции геологических формаций в смещенных крыльях сдвигов, выявили специфические сдвиговые структурные рисунки и наборы сдвиговых деформаций, и выработали методы исторического анализа сдвиговых зон. В это же время начались экспериментальные исследования сдвиговых структур, в первую очередь известные работы В. Риделя (1929), Х. Клооса (1936) и др. <...>

Normal faulting and tectonic inversion driven by gravity in a thrusting regime
East-west thrusting and anomalous magnetic declinations in the Sierra Gorda, Betic Cordillera, southern Spain
Changing mechanical response during continental collision: active examples from the foreland thrust belts of Pakistan
Post-Devonian transpressional reactivation of a Proterozoic ductile shear zone in Ceara, NE Brazil
A mid-crustal contractional stepover zone in a major strike-slip system, North Cascades, Washington
Kinematics of mylonitic rocks along the Median Tectonic Line, Akaishi Range, central Japan
Glassy pseudotachylyte veins from the Fuyun fault zone, northwest China

Principles of Structural Geology is designed to be a concise introduction to the deformation of the earth’s crust, encompassing the wide-ranging subject matter of introductory courses in structural geology. Three principal aspects of structural geology are emphasized:
1.    The basic principles of natural rock deformation are presented in Part II, Principles of Deformation (Chapters 3, 4, and 5), including stress, strain, and the physical processes of elastic, plastic, and brittle deformation of rock.

Strain and kinematic analysis in general shear zones
Microstructures in feldspars from a major crustal thrust zone: the Grenville Front, Ontario, Canada
Neogene evolution of the Denizli region of western Turkey
Transected folds from the western part of the Bala Lineament, Wales
A new method for the geometrical classification of large data sets of folds
High-amplitude folding of linear-viscous multilayers Superposed buckling in multilayers
The quantification of crystallographic preferred orientation using magnetic anisotropy
International Newsletter 5: January 1993
Load-strengthening versus load-weakening faulting
Microstructures, deformation mechanisms and strain patterns in a vertical profile, inner Appalachian fold-thrust belt, Alabama