Our modern society has a constant need for raw materials and energy. An on-going effort in exploration and research is necessary, therefore, to discover and develop them. And, in this effort, it is better to appeal to geology than to rely on chance. Geology is by definition "the study of the planet Earth. It is concerned with the origin of the planet, the material and morphology of the Earth, and its history and the processes that acted (and act) upon it to affect its historic and present forms" (Glossary of Geology, 1980).

Метод спонтанной поляризации или метод потенциалов собственной поляризации (ПС) является одним из старейших и основных геофизических методов каротажа, применяемый для изучения геологического строения пород, пройденных геологоразведочными скважинами. Широкое производственное применение метода началось еще в первой трети прошлого века после экспериментов, проведенных братьями Шлюмберже и советским ученым Итенбергом С.С. на нефтяных месторождениях Чечни на Северном Кавказе.

В подготовленном учебнике для бакалавров образовательного направления “Нефтегазовое дело (по видам направления)”, содержатся сведения об истории, современном состоянии и возможностях геолого-геофизических методов поиска и разведки месторождений нефти и газа, приведены и описаны основные методы геофизических исследований открытого (необсаженного) и обсаженного ствола скважин, которые включают в себя электрические методы каротажа, электромагнитные методы каротажа, радиоактивные методы, термокаротаж, акустический каротаж, наклонометрия, микрозондирование, замеры профилей притока и приемистости, оценку состава притока, оценку
технического контроля работы скважин и ее технического состояния.
Учебник может быть интересен не только для бакалавров, но и для других студентов и учащихся техникумов геологоразведочного направления.

About 2,200 years ago a scholarly librarian in charge of the prestigious collections of the museum at Alexandria conducted an elegant exercise in logic and experimentation. Using seemingly unrelated bits of information such as the observation of the penetration of sunlight into a well in the city of Syene, the speed of a camel caravan, and the shadow cast by an obelisk in Alexandria, Eratosthenes calculated a remarkably accurate estimate of the circumference of the earth (Wilford 1981).

When computers were frst invented in the middle of the last century, nobody ever anticipated that the instruction sets to program them would ultimately evolve to the point where many of them could be accessed freely, without charge, in ways that would become widely available to nonexpert communities. Nor did we ever consider that computers would penetrate every corner of social life, revolutionizing our social behavior, our science, and our politics.

What is cartography today? When I look back on the first and second editions of this book, it’s almost like seeing cartography as it progressed since 2009 and it now looks almost nothing like it did then. The expansion of what’s possible has been incredible. Massive technological change, accompanied by free, open, highly detailed, and reliable datasets, along with a surge of interest in the field from all corners, combined to make what was once impossible cartographically, possible.

The spontaneous potential well-logging is one of the most common and useful welllogging techniques in petroleum exploitation. Since the earth layer can be regarded as a piecewise uniform medium, and due to electrochemical and other factors, there exists a jump of potential (spontaneous potential difference) on each interface of different layers.

Горные породы являются упругими телами, которые под действием внешней возбуждающей силы, претерпевают деформации объема (растяжение и сжатие) и деформации формы (сдвига).

Последовательное распространение деформации называется - упругой волной. Первое отклонение частицы от положения покоя называется - вступлением волны. 

В акустическом каротаже различают (регистрируют) несколько типов волн:

QGIS is a crossing point of the free and open source geospatial world. While there are a great many tools in QGIS, it is not one massive application that does everything, and it was never really designed to be that from the beginning. It is rather a visual interface to much of the open source geospatial world. You can load data from proprietary and open formats into spatial databases of various flavors and then analyze the data with well-known analytical backends before creating a printed or web-based map to display and interact with your results. What’s QGIS’s role in all this? It’s the place where you check your data along the way, build and queue the analysis, visualize the results, and develop cartographic end products. This learning path will teach you all that and more, in a hands-on learn-by-doing manner. Become an expert in QGIS with this useful companion. <...>

Geography has always been important to humans. Stone-age hunters anticipated the location of their quarry, early explorers lived or died by their knowledge of geography, and current societies work and play based on their understanding of who belongs where. Applied geography, in the form of maps and spatial information, has served discovery, planning, cooperation, and conflict for at least the past 3000 years (Figure 1-1). Maps are among the most beautiful and useful documents of human civilization.