The constantly changing landscape of Geographic Information Systems makes it challenging for experts and practitioners to stay informed of the field’s most up-to-date research. That is why Information Science Reference is pleased to offer this three-volume reference collection that will empower students, researchers, and academicians with a strong understanding of critical issues within Geographic Information Systems by providing both broad and detailed perspectives on cutting-edge theories and developments. This reference is designed to act as a single reference source on conceptual, methodological, technical, and managerial issues, as well as provide insight into emerging trends and future opportunities within the discipline.

Continuous Perspective Query Processing for 3-D Objects on Road Networks    
Joon-Seok Kim, Kyoung-Sook Kim, and Ki-Joune Li
A GIS Based Approach to Predicting Road Surface Temperatures    
Richard Fry, Lionel Slade, George Taylor, and Ian Davy
Thematic Clustering of Geographic Resource Metadata Collections    
Javier Lacasta, Javier Nogueras-Iso,
Pedro Rafael Muro-Medrano, and Francisco Javier Zarazaga-Soria The Need for Web Legend Services    
Benedicte Bucher, Elodie Buard, Laurence Jolivet, and Anne Ruas

A minority of geologists and other geoscientists have been using computers for manipulation of spatial data since the 1960s. During the 1980s, advances in computer hardware, particularly processing speed and data storage, catalyzed the development of software for handling spatial data. The emerging capabilities for graphical display played an important role in this development. One of the significant products of this period of rapid technological change was GIS. The impact of GIS has been widely felt in all fields that use geographic information, in resource management, land-use planning, transportation, marketing, and in many applications in the geosciences and elsewhere. The majority of large geological organizations are now using GIS, and the handling of spatial data of all types by computer is widespread.This chapter introduces GIS by describing what GIS means, the purposes and functions of GIS, how GIS relates to other kinds of software for spatial data handling, and presents a typical geological application. <...>

This book deals with image-processing problems that arise in the process of automating some aspects of well log analysis. Each problem is first described in log analysis terms - that is, what task is performed by a log analyst and how it is accomplished in manual processing. Then algorithms for automating each function are presented and their meanings from the point of view of log analysis and image processing are explained. The term image processing is understood here, in its broadest sense, as any processing of any images.

Electromagnetic wave resistivity methods in Measurement-While-Drilling and Logging-While-Drilling applications, or simply MWD/LWD, are now approaching their fourth decade of practice. Th ey are instrumental in anisotropy determination, dip angle analysis, bed boundary detection, fl uid identifi cation, and so on, and are important to economic analysis, stimulation planning, geosteering, unconventional resources and numerous exploration challenges.

The physical theories behind Measurement-While-Drilling design should be rich in scientific challenges, engineering principles and mathematical elegance. To develop the next generation of high-data-rate tools, these must be understood and applied unfailingly without compromise. But one does not simply peruse the latest petroleum books, state-of-the-art reviews, or the most recent patents to understand their teachings. Most descriptions are just wrong. The science itself does not exist.

Our modern society has a constant need for raw materials and energy. An on-going effort in exploration and research is necessary, therefore, to discover and develop them. And, in this effort, it is better to appeal to geology than to rely on chance. Geology is by definition "the study of the planet Earth. It is concerned with the origin of the planet, the material and morphology of the Earth, and its history and the processes that acted (and act) upon it to affect its historic and present forms" (Glossary of Geology, 1980).

Метод спонтанной поляризации или метод потенциалов собственной поляризации (ПС) является одним из старейших и основных геофизических методов каротажа, применяемый для изучения геологического строения пород, пройденных геологоразведочными скважинами. Широкое производственное применение метода началось еще в первой трети прошлого века после экспериментов, проведенных братьями Шлюмберже и советским ученым Итенбергом С.С. на нефтяных месторождениях Чечни на Северном Кавказе.

В подготовленном учебнике для бакалавров образовательного направления “Нефтегазовое дело (по видам направления)”, содержатся сведения об истории, современном состоянии и возможностях геолого-геофизических методов поиска и разведки месторождений нефти и газа, приведены и описаны основные методы геофизических исследований открытого (необсаженного) и обсаженного ствола скважин, которые включают в себя электрические методы каротажа, электромагнитные методы каротажа, радиоактивные методы, термокаротаж, акустический каротаж, наклонометрия, микрозондирование, замеры профилей притока и приемистости, оценку состава притока, оценку
технического контроля работы скважин и ее технического состояния.
Учебник может быть интересен не только для бакалавров, но и для других студентов и учащихся техникумов геологоразведочного направления.

About 2,200 years ago a scholarly librarian in charge of the prestigious collections of the museum at Alexandria conducted an elegant exercise in logic and experimentation. Using seemingly unrelated bits of information such as the observation of the penetration of sunlight into a well in the city of Syene, the speed of a camel caravan, and the shadow cast by an obelisk in Alexandria, Eratosthenes calculated a remarkably accurate estimate of the circumference of the earth (Wilford 1981).