Over the past four decades, Earth scientists have made great strides in understanding our planet’s workings and history. We understand as never before how plate tectonics shapes our planet’s surface, how life can be sustained over billions of years, and how geological, biological, atmospheric, and oceanic processes interact to produce climate—and climatic change. Yet at the most basic level, this progress has served principally to lay bare more fundamental questions about Earth.
Книга проф. Л.Гейки, несмотря на полстолстие своего существования, нисколько не устарела, что уже в достаточной мере свидетельствует о таланте ее автора, К этому присоединяется замечательная простота и последовательность изложения, а также особый прием последнего, которым автор ставит читателя в положение начинающего исследователя и заставляет самого приходить к ряду последовательных выводов из наблюдаемых в природе процессов ифактов.
Сборник посвящен актуальным проблемам истолкования времени и использования связанных со временем понятий в геологии. Изложены различные подходы к решению общетеоретических аспектов проблемы, рассмотрено их влияние на построение временных геологических характеристик и на конкретное применение этих характеристик в практике стратиграфических исследований докембрия и фанерозоя
The original edition of this book, written by Gerald Lucy, was the first general account of Essex geology for a wide readership. In the years following that pioneer edition, the deep-time story of Essex has been further enriched – especially its ice age history – as we ourselves discovered following our retirement. Much of the ‘rock’ of Essex Rock is admittedly rather squashy and crunchy, but this does not deter geologists from defining it as ‘rock’. When we were both at university in the 1970s, Essex geology was dismissed as ‘gardening’. Like Rev. Eley, vicar of Broomfield, who in 1859 wrote Geology in the Garden, we looked more closely at the pebbles all around us. There is a story in every single one; we wanted to learn more and to share these stories. <...>
This book is the product of a fascination in geoscience that started in my high school science and geography classes. This fascination grew further due to my interest in outdoor adventures, initially in the Brindabella Range behind Canberra, and then the alpine regions of the world. I took this interest to the next level by enrolling to study geoscience at university <...>
Автор книги — геолог — рассказывает о наиболее интересных экспедициях, в которых ему довелось участвовать, знакомит читателя с трудностями и радостями геологических работ, рассказывает о природе Чукотки, Забайкалья, Хакассии.
В наши дни прогресс знаний о Земле, особенно об околоземном пространстве, очень велик. Темп исследований в области физики атмосферы, физики моря и физики твердой Земли непрерывно возрастает. Этот все ускоряющийся прогресс наук о Земле тесно связан с важными практическими запросами.
In the example above, an observation is made and a hypothesis formulated. A hypothesis is an educated guess. Experiments are performed to prove or disprove your hypothesis. This sort of deductive reasoning is the same thought process used by detectives to solve crimes. You may consider the mineral identification experiments as simple, but there is no written rule that experiments must be complicated. If an experiment is repeated time and time again and the conclusions are exactly the same, then the conclusion is elevated to a theory. Scientists define theory as a proven conclusion, something over which there is very little doubt. Notice that the way scientists use the word theory is much different from our everyday use. In our everyday usage, theory is equivalent to a scientist’s hypothesis—an estimation or guess. Sherlock Holmes’ theory of the murder was Colonel Mustard with the candlestick. This is Holmes’ guess or hypothesis of the crime; now he must gather evidence to prove it. <...>
