Conventional oil and gas are usually found in pore spaces and fracture openings of sandstones, limestones, and dolomite. Shales, although considered to be important in many cases as source rocks and cap rocks for hydrocarbons, usually do not contain commercial oil and gas. In other words, from the standpoint of production, shales are relatively useless rocks.
If, for example, an exploratory well were drilled and a geologist tried to evaluate whether it had penetrated oil and/or gas accumulations, he would first separate the shaly sections as being of no interest, and then try to find out whether the other sections were oil-(and/or gas-) saturated or watersaturated. <...>
В книге освещается проблема геологии и нефтегазоносности трещинных систем, контролирующих трещинные резервуары нефти и газа. На основе выработанных в процессе длительного детального изучения трещинной среды рифейских карбонатных комплексов Восточной Сибири эффективных методик и технологий геологоразведочных, в первую очередь сейсморазведочных, работ разработана методология комплексного анализа продуктивных возможностей природных трещинных резервуаров. Подчеркивается ведущая роль флюидодинамического фактора при формировании скоплений углеводородов в трещинных резервуарах. Предлагаются новые подходы при изучении нефтегазового потенциала анизотропных породных образований, в том числе в баженовском комплексе Западной Сибири. Книга представляет интерес для широкого круга геологов и геофизиков, работающих в нефтегазовой отрасли.
This is the fifth book in the Developments in Petroleum Science series since it incorporated the Handbook of Petroleum Exploration and Production in 2013. After books on geophysics, stratigraphic reservoir characterisation, petrophysics and integrated sand management, we now switch our attention to core analysis.
Fluid mechanics forms an essential part of the knowledge of petroleum engineers. Its applications can be found in almost every area of petroleum engineering including drilling, well completing, production technology, transportation and refining. The design methods and everyday practice of these special fields apply their own application-oriented hydraulics. These independently developed branches of applied fluid mechanics are often not very well integrated. There seems to be a need to treat these individual sections together within the general framework of continuum mechanics. In addition, the elegance and logical structure of this theory may influence the way of thinking of petroleum engineers. <...>
The fascination of petroleum geology lies both in its complexity and in its importance to society. There is still much that we do not understand; and there is much to learn if remaining undiscovered reserves of oil and gas are to be found economically. It is also good geology with a healthy practical component. The great advances in geological thought and understanding in the 19th Century were based largely on the construction of coal mines, railways and canals. But this was almost two-dimensional geology of the land, bounded by the low-tide line. In the last 30 years or so, geology has moved offshore onto the continental shelves and ocean floors, largely under the stimulus of petroleum exploration, and with it has grown a great wealth of geological information. <...>
Приведены результаты научно-исследовательских, опытно-конструкторских и внедренческих работ, ориентированных на проблемы Западно-Сибирского нефтегазового комплекса, выполненных профессорско-преподавательским составом кафедры, аспирантами, соискателями и студентами.
Libya has the largest petroleum reserves of any country in Africa and since production began in 1961 over 20 bilhon barrels of oil have been produced. It has been calculated that Libya will reach the mid-point of reserves depletion in 2001 and this provides a timely point at which to review the state of petroleum exploration in Libya. It is perhaps surprising that no comprehensive account of the petroleum geology of Libya has yet been pubUshed. This is partly attributable to the fact that it is only within recent years that oil companies have released the information necessary to compile a book of this kind, and partly because of the onerous task of collecting the data. On average around fifty articles are pubhshed each year on the petroleum geology of Libya. A recent bibhographic search revealed over 5000 pubhcations dealing directly or indirectly with Libyan geology, and a large proportion of these pubhcations relate to hydrocarbons. <...>
Both crude oil and natural gas occur naturally in subsurface deposits. Crude oil is a black liquid that is sold to refineries to be refined into products such as gasoline and lubricating oil. Natural gas is a colorless, odorless gas that is sold to gas pipelines to be transported and burned for its heat content. There are many different types of crude oils and natural gases, some more valuable than others. Heavy crude oils are very thick and viscous and are difficult or impossible to produce.
Both crude oil and natural gas are mixtures of molecules formed by carcarbon and hydrogen atoms. There are many different types of crude oils and natural gases, some more valuable than others. Heavy crude oils are very thick and viscous and are difficult or impossible to produce, whereas light crude oils are very fluid and relatively easy to produce. Less valuable are sour crude oils that contain sulfur and sour natural gasses that contain hydrogen sulfide. Some natural gases burn with more heat than others, contain natu- natural gas liquids and gasoline, and are more valuable.
Рассмотрены физико-химические свойства пластовых жидкостей и газов, коллекторские и фильтрационные свойства горных пород, дана их классификация. Описаны методы повышения нефте-, газоконденсатоотдачи залежей углеводородов, приведены сведения о неньютоновских нефтях и системах, применяемых в нефтегазодобыче. Уделено внимание механическим и тепловым свойствам горных пород. Для студентов нефтяных вузов и факультетов, обучающихся по специальности « Разработка и эксплуатация нефтяных и газовых месторождений».
