The main geological results of exploration by the British Petroleum Company Limited since 1945 are outlined, and the general basis of operations described.
In the south of England new data emphasize the progressive development of the Wealden area as a Jurassic depositional basin, on a surface of mainly Devonian and Carboniferous rocks. In the East Midlands and West Yorkshire more information on the relation of Carboniferous basins is now available, and extensive occurrences of contemporary and intrusive basic igneous rocks are described.

The oil industry has changed much since I first entered it some 30 years ago, and still more dramatically since I completed the first edition of Elements of Petroleum Geology in 1982. In the past 15 years major changes have occurred in the way in which the oil industry is organized and in how it conducts its business.
Traditionally, the leading edge of research was conducted in the laboratories of the oil companies. Now it is conducted within service companies and consultancies. Whereas traditionally the oil companies were regarded as the best employers in terms of opportunity and continuity of employment, today this is no longer true. The service companies and larger consultancies may now provide better long-term career prospects than the major oil companies.

Geology is the science that deals with the history and structure of the earth and its life forms, especially as recorded in the rock record. A basic understanding of its concepts and processes is essential in the petroleum industry, for it is used to predict where oil accumulations might occur.

Даны основные понятия общей геохимии, показано значение геохимических исследований при поисках и разведке нефти и газа. Рассмотрены преобразование органического вещества осадочных пород при литогенезе, геохимия нефтей и природных газов, геохимические методы (газовый, битумный и др.) поисков нефтяных и газовых месторождений, роль геохимических исследований при контроле за разработкой месторождений этих полезных ископаемых.
Для студентов вузов, обучающихся по специальности ’Теология нефти и газа”.

Also known as the petroleum industry, Oil and Gas industry is one of the biggest sectors or portions of all industries in the world in terms of monetary value (as high as $2 trillion per annum in 2021 [1]). Due to its inherent nature of providing the most crucial economic framework – Oil to the world, Oil and Gas industry stands apart as one of the most significant, widespread and impactful industries around the globe, especially for countries including the United States, Russia, Canada, Saudi Arabia and China.

РФ имеет значительные ресурсы нефти и газа, расположенные на дне морских акваторий. Добыча этих ресурсов ведется с использование морских стационарных платформ. Так как морские платформы эксплуатируются в сложных природно-климатических условиях, которые характеризуются значительными нагрузками и воздействиями от окружающей среды, то в основных конструктивных элементах и сварных соединениях этих платформ протекают усталостные процессы, способные привести к аварийной ситуации. Для предотвращения наступления аварийной ситуации необходимо выполнить ремонт либо замену элементов и сварных и соединений платформы.

Structural geology is obviously one of the more important subjects for geoscientists working in petroleum industry. Folds and faults in deformed rocks make traps for hydrocarbon accumulation. Also, large-scale deformations, the so-called tectonics, control the architecture of petroliferous sedimentary basins. It is the primary job of a structural geologist to interpret geological map and field data, and infer geometry of large scale folds and faults. However, geoscientists with varied specializations and working with different kinds of data may also be called upon to make structural interpretations.

The basic structural building block of the biomarkers is the isoprene unit (Figure 1A). The end closer to the methyl branch is called the "head/' and the other end is the "tail." Compounds formed biosynthetically from isoprene units are called "isoprenoids." Two isoprene units joined head-to-tail (with minor modifications, such as hydrogenation of double bonds) form a monoterpane (Figure IB). Two monoterpanes (four isoprene units) linked together form a diterpane, whereas six isoprene units can be joined either to form a sterane or a triterpane, depending upon how the linking is accomplished.

This is a book on the geology of hydrocarbon reservoirs in carbonate rocks. Although it is written for petroleum geologists, geophysicists, and engineers, it can be useful as a reference for hydrogeologists and environmental geologists because reservoirs and aquifers differ only in the fl uids they contain. Environmental geoscientists interested in contaminant transport or hazardous waste disposal also need to know about porosity (capacity to store) and permeability (capacity to fl ow) of subsurface formations.

Petroleum systems 

Geologic principles and geologic time
Rock and minerals, rock cycle, reservoir properties
Hydrocarbon origin, migration and accumulation