The hard layer of rock followed the cliff top, then stopped. Jim McCabe was dismayed. If the rock ended, the layer of fossils beneath it probably ended as well, and much of the work he and Darren Tanke had done would be for nothing. It was June 1986. McCabe and Tanke were science technicians from the Royal Tyrrell Museum of Palaeontology, in Drumheller, Alberta. Their mission here, high on a bank above Pipestone Creek, a 12-hour drive northwest of Drumheller, was to dig through dirt, mud, and rock to a layer of dinosaur bones. What they found would determine whether the museum explored the site further. 
McCabe and Tanke knew where to find the fossils. A 12-centimetre-thick layer of bones striped the bank, 10 metres above the creek. The fossils were part of a bonebed, a jumbled collection of many animals’ remains. <...>

Although this report includes the results of a 6-month reconnaissance investigation of the geology and mineral resources of Paraguay, it is essentially a compilation and interpretation of existing published and unpublished information on the subject.
The rocks can be divided into five major classes, depending on age and mode of origin.

Guest Editorial — God Didn’t Make Those Little DNAPLS Andrew W. Stone
Risk-Based Evaluation of Ground-Water Contamination by Agricultural Pesticides    P. Varshney, U. S. Tim & С. E. Anderson
Agrotechnically Induced Salinization in the Unsaturated Zone of Loessial Soils, N.W. Negev, Israel    M. Magaritz & A. Nadler
A Simple Analytical Approach for Predicting Nitrate Concentrations in Pumped Ground Water    D. N. Lerner & К. T Papatolios

All major Appalachian tectonostratographic zones in Gaspesie, Quebec and New Brunswick (i.e. Humber, Dunnage, Gander, and Avalon) are intruded by Paleozoic granites. Granite petrological and geochemical data assist in evaluating the economic potential of the plutons and provide insight into the crustal and tectonic evolution of the orogen.
Based on Na2O and Al index values (generally >3.2 wt.% and <1.1 respectively) and high-field strength element contents, most of the granites are 1-types; some have "А-type affinities". Granite chemical and isotopic characteristics distinguish three contrasting groups of granites: Humber-Dunnage, Gander, and Avalon. Positive eNd values for Humber, Dunnage, and Avalon granites indicate melting of predominately juvenile sources. Negative e Nd and elevated 201РЫШРЬ and 518 values for Gander granites are consistent with reworking of older (1.1-1.8 Ga) crust containing a significant supracrustal component. Neodymium isotopic data effectively rules out Grenville basement as a source for Humber-Dunnage granites. Gander zone is apparently the autochthonous surface expression of a distinct lower crustal block. Contrasting e Nd signatures from Avalon and Gander granites indicates that Gander and Avalon zones are underlain by different crustal blocks, i.e. Precambrian Avalon basement is not a suitable protolith for Gander granites.<...>

“Ocean floor petrology” is concerned primarily with the study of volcanism and related processes involving the creation and the transformation of crustal material which takes place at contact with seawater. The field of ocean floor petrology has developed and will continue to evolve rapidly with man’s effort to penetrate and explore greater depths through the use of more sophisticated technology.

Before discussing the geochemical techniques applied in the exploration and exploitation of geothermal resources, it is convenient to recall few general concepts.  Geothermal energy is the natural heat of the earth, which is transferred towards the surface through conductive and convective processes. Because of these processes, the temperature within the earth crust generally increases with depth of ∼30 °C/km.

The phase discontinuity that occurs at the mineral-water interface greatly influences the geochemical cycles of many elements. The composition of natural waters and the flux of material through the hydrosphere are largely controlled by the weathering of minerals and the precipitation of new phases -- processes in which the mineral-water interface plays a fundamental role.

In the field of groundwater numerical flow modelling has become a standard tool for scientific and also for most of the practical problems. The modelling software has matured during the past 10 years from being user-unfriendly with complex interfaces to a powerful, easy-to-use, windows-based system. For porous media flow in the saturated zone, the basic principle pertinent to all common programmes like MODLFOW, FEFLOW etc. is the solution of the linear DARCY- and continuity-equations. The numerical problems associated with the limitations in discretisation known in earlier days are not a serious burden any more because of the high-speed PCs with hundreds of Mbytes memory available nowadays.

The disposal of low-level radioactive waste generated by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) during the Cold War era has historically involved shallow land burial in unconfined pits and trenches. The lack of physical or chemical barriers to impede waste migration has resulted in the formation of secondary contaminant sources where radionuclides have moved into the surrounding soil and bedrock, as well as groundwater and surface water sources.