This lively introduction to geologic fracture mechanics provides a consistent treatment of all common types of geologic structural discontinuities. It explores the formation, growth, and interpretation of fractures and deformation bands, from theoretical, field, and laboratory-based perspectives, bridging the gap between a general textbook treatment and the more advanced research literature. It allows the reader to acquire basic tools to interpret discontinuity origins, geometries, patterns, and implications using many of the leading and contemporary concepts known to specialists in the field. Exercises are provided at the end of each chapter, and worked examples are included within each chapter to illustrate topics and enable self-study. With all common geologic structures including joints, hydrofractures, faults, stylolites, and deformation bands being discussed from a fresh perspective, it will be a useful reference for advanced students, researchers, and industry practitioners interested in structural geology, neotectonics, rock mechanics, planetary geology, and reservoir geomechanics. <...>

Planetary scientist and educator Ken Coles has teamed up with Ken Tanaka from the United States Geological Survey’s Astrogeology team and Phil Christensen, Principal Investigator of the Mars Odyssey orbiter’s THEMIS science team, to produce this all-purpose reference atlas, The Atlas of Mars. Each of the 30 standard charts includes: a full-page color topographic map at 1:10,000,000 scale, a THEMIS daytime infrared map at the same scale with features labeled, a simplified geologic map of the corresponding area, and a section describing prominent features of interest. The Atlas is rounded out with extensive material on Mars’ global characteristics, regional geography and geology, a Glossary of Terms, and an indexed Gazetteer of up-to-date Martian feature names and nomenclature. This is an essential guide for a broad readership of academics, students, amateur astronomers, and space enthusiasts, replacing the NASA atlas from the 1970s. <...>

High-pressure mineral physics is a field that has shaped our understanding of deep planetary interiors and revealed new material phenomena occurring at extreme conditions. Comprised of 16 chapters written by well-established experts, this book covers recent advances in static and dynamic compression techniques and enhanced diagnostic capabilities, including synchrotron X-ray and neutron diffraction, spectroscopic measurements, in situ X-ray diffraction under dynamic loading, and multigrain crystallography at megabar pressures. Applications range from measuring equations of state, elasticity, and deformation of materials at high pressure, to synthesis and thermochemistry of high-pressure phases, and new molecular compounds and superconductivity under extreme conditions. This book also introduces experimental geochemistry in the laser-heated diamond anvil cell enabled by the focused ion beam technique for sample recovery and quantitative chemical analysis at submicron scale. Each chapter ends with an insightful perspective of future directions, making it an invaluable resource for graduate students and researchers. <...>

Many of the Earth’s most fascinating natural processes are related to rock fractures.Volcanic eruptions, tectonic earthquakes, geysers, large landslides and the formation and development of mid-ocean ridges all depend on fracture formation and propagation. Rock fractures

are also of fundamental importance in more applied fields such as those related to fluidfilled reservoirs, deep crustal drilling, tunnelling, road construction, dams, geological and geophysical mapping and field geology and geophysics.

There has been great progress in understanding fracture initiation and propagation over the past decades. The results of this progress are summarised in many papers, textbooks and monographs within the fields of fracture mechanics and materials science. Much of this improved knowledge of fracture development is of great relevance for understanding and modelling geological processes that relate to rock fractures. <...>

Non-bird dinosaurs (“dinosaurs”) are very much in the news these days: dinosaurs had feathers; dinosaurs were warm-blooded; dinosaurs were snuffed out in mere seconds; we’ve just discovered the largest dinosaur ever; we’ve just discovered the smallest dinosaur ever; here is Jurassic World, there is The Good Dinosaur. . . it’s a media blizzard. And why not? Ideas about dinosaurs have moved conceptually far beyond the twentieth century: a few weirdo reptiles that lived on this planet, but were too stupid to survive. Today dinosaurs are recognized as centerpieces of vertebrate evolution; they’re just a whole lot more interesting than they used to be!

Insects are the most diverse group of organisms to appear in the 3-billion-year history of life on Earth, and the most ecologically dominant animals on land. This book chronicles, for the first time, the complete evolutionary history of insects: their living diversity, relationships, and 400 million years of fossils. Whereas other volumes have focused on either living species or fossils, this is the first comprehensive synthesis of all aspects of insect evolution. Current estimates of phylogeny are used to interpret the 400-million-year fossil record of insects, their extinctions, and radiations.

The year 2020 marks the 100-year anniversary of Conrad Schlumberger’s publication on electrical methods, a document that serves as the foundation of modern-day resistivity and induced polarization methods. These methods are now two of the most widely used geophysical techniques for probing the near-surface (upper few hundred metres of the Earth’s crust). Although originally developed for hydrocarbon and mineral exploration, their popularity in near-surface applications grew rapidly from the widespread recognition that subsurface electrical properties are often well correlated to physical and chemical properties of fluids within the pore space (e.g. saturation, salinity) and lithological characteristics (e.g. porosity, clay content) needed to understand a wide range of near-surface properties and processes.

Exploration seismology is a complex technology that blends advanced physics, mathematics, and computation. Seismic imaging, an essential part of exploration seismology, has evolved over roughly 100 years of effort into a sophisticated imaging system capable  of forming detailed 3D images of the interior of the Earth’s crust. We have been involved in research, teaching, and practice in this field for many decades and this book is an outgrowth of our experience. With it we hope to bring a more detailed understanding of the methods of seismic imaging to a broad audience of scientists and engineers. <...>

In this work, 60 specialists come together to discuss the regional occurrences of Jurassic rocks around the paleo-Pacific. Their tectonic settings, stratigraphic sequences, and fossil assemblages are covered in detail; regional biozones based on palynomorphs, protistans, plants, and invertebrates are defined; and superregional standard zones based on ammonites are established.

This book is an introductory text on seismology intended for advanced undergraduates and graduate students. The book, which emphasizes fundamental concepts and basic mathematical developments, is intended to be ‘student-friendly’.