This is a book on the dynamics of the atmosphere and ocean, with an emphasis on the fundamentals and on the large-scale circulation. By ‘large-scale’ I mean scales between that of the weather (a few hundred kilometres in the atmosphere and a few tens of kilometres in the ocean, which indeed has its own weather) and the global scale. My focus is our own planet Earth, for that is where we live, but the principles and methodology used should be appropriate for the study of the atmospheres and oceans of other planets.

The book explains the key notions and fundamental processes of the dynamics of the fluid envelopes of the Earth (transposable to other planets) from the unifying viewpoint of rotating shallow-water model (RSW). The model, in its one- or two-layer versions, plays a distinguished role in geophysical fluid dynamics. It has been used now for about acentury to aid conceptual understanding of various phenomena, for elaboration of approaches and methods to be used later in more complete models, for development and testing of numerical codes and schemes of data assimilations, and for many other purposes.

Inverse solutions are key problems in many natural sciences. They form the basis of our understanding of the world surrounding us. Whenever we try to learn something about physical laws, the internal structure of the earth or the nature of the Universe, we collect data and try to extract the required information from these data. This is the actual solution of the inverse problem.

The intent of Introduction to Geophysical Fluid Dynamics—Physical and Numerical Aspects is to introduce its readers to the principles governing air and water flows on large terrestrial scales and to the methods by which these flows can be simulated on the computer.

'Verrucano' and 'Pseudoverrucano' in the Central-Western Mediterranean Alpine Chains: palaeogeographical evolution and geodynamic significance

'Transgressive washing' concept: a sequence stratigraphic approach for calci- and siliciclastic turbidites

Aptian sedimentation: an example of interaction between tectonics and eustatics in Central Tunisia

Synsedimentary tectonics of the Triassic Carbonate Formation of the Oujda Mountains (Eastern Meseta, Morocco): geodynamic implications

Recent palaeostresses from striated pebbles related to fold development in a mountain front: the Prerif Ridges (Rif Cordillera, Morocco)

The applications of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to petroleum expb ration and production have become more and more important in recent years. The development of the NMR logging technology and the NMR applications to core analysis and formation evaluation have been very rapid and extensive. Part of this book was a collection of many lecture notes written over the years for Chevron in-house training purposes. As we started writing, the scope of the book gradually broadened.

This chapter describes the difficulties associated with formation evaluation in thinly bedded sandstone reservoirs and outlines the existing technology that has been applied to these difficulties. Chapter 2 introduces our integrated approach to evaluating hydrocarbon pore-thickness in thinly bedded clastic reservoirs.

Many terms are introduced in these two chapters through examples and informal definitions: for example, earth models, bed types, logging tool forward models, convolution, inversion, statistical earth models, and Monte Carlo inversion. These topics are discussed more thoroughly in Chapters 6 through 10, and the integrated approach is described in detail in Chapters 11 through 13. <...>

Petrophysics is the study of rock properties and their interactions with fluids (gases, liquid hydrocarbons, and aqueous solutions). The geologic material forming a reservoir for the accumulation of hydrocarbons in the subsurface must contain a three-dimensional network of interconnected pores in order to store the fluids and allow for their movement within the reservoir.

Mathematical astrophysics and mathematical geophysics have their own journals and conferences, where practitioners discuss mathematical formulations that come to grips with the physical processes of the cosmos and planet Earth. Mathematical petrophysics is by no means new. It started in 1942 with the publication of an equation: the Archie equation.