Shale Oil represents a huge additional global fossil fuel resource. However, extracting oil from the shale is no simple task; much still needs to be understood to make the process more cost-effective to increase economic flow rates. Clear and rigorous, Oil Shale Production Process will prove useful for those scientists and engineers already engaged in fossil fuel science and technology as well as scientists, non-scientists, engineers, and non-engineers who wish to gain a general overview or update of the science and technology of fossil fuels. Not only does the book discuss the production processes but also provides methods which should reduce environmental footprint by properly addressing: surface mining and extraction processes, in situ conversion process and hydrotreatment.

Part I: Shale and Clay Overview

1. Mudrock Components and the Genesis of Bulk Rock Properties: Review of Current Advances and Challenges Kitty L. Milliken and Nicholas W.Hayman

2. Chemical Composition of Formation Water in Shale and Tight Reservoirs: A Basin‐Scale Perspective Yousif Kharaka, Kathleen Gans, Elisabeth Rowan, James Thordsen, Christopher Conaway, Madalyn Blondes, and Mark Engle

3. From Nanofluidics to Basin‐Scale Flow in Shale: Tracer Investigations Yifeng Wang

4. Metals in Oil and Gas‐Bearing Shales: Are They Potential (Future) Ore Deposits? Mark J. Rigali and James L. Krumhansl

It is virtually impossible to overstate the importance of the successful development of shale gas and tight oil to the energy economy of the United States. According to data tracked by the US Energy Information Agency (EIA), by 2009, shale gas had led the United States from natural gas shortages to becoming the largest producer of natural gas in the world (USEIA, 2018). Liquefied natural gas (LNG) terminals constructed on the US East Coast at the start of the 21st century for energy imports were converted less than a decade later to export LNG to Europe and elsewhere. The Marcellus Shale in the Appalachian basin is now the most productive natural gas formation in the United States (Fig. I.1). <...>

This petroleum engineering book series includes works on all aspects of petroleum science and engineering, but with special focus on emerging trends and technologies that pertain to the paradigm shift in the petroleum engineering field.

The solution to this problem depends on your background in geology, chemistry, physics, and your familiarity with various laboratory instruments. Here are some possibilities Cut a fresh piece of each sample. Drop cold HCL on the freshly cut surface and observe. The limestone (Core A) will react vigorously with the cold HCL, releasing CO2 in the process. The sandstone (Core B) and dolomite (Core C) will not react with the cold acid. This simple test identifies the limestone conclusively.

Next, heat the HCL almost to its boiling point and repeat the test with the hot HCL on the two remaining samples (Cores B and C). The dolomite will react with the hot acid but the sandstone will not. This test distinguishes the dolomite from the sandstone. <...>

When NASA first explained its hope that our committee could review its strategy for providing satellite-derived geophysical data sets to the polar science community and provide guidance to make future data sets more useful, the task seemed somewhat ambiguous and daunting. We could not look in depth at every available data set given the time and resources available, nor did it feel particularly useful to comment on what was right or wrong in past decisions. But as the committee met and gathered information, it became clear that our most useful contribution could lie in determining how a better match could be achieved between NASA’s data sets and the needs of NASA’s current strategic guide, the Earth Science Enterprise (ESE) program. By analyzing what information is needed to address the ESE questions from a cryospheric perspective and then mapping those needs against existing resources, we found a way to turn our review into concrete suggestions to guide future activities <...>

Volcanogenic massive sulide (VMS) deposits, also known as volcanic-hosted massive sulide, volcanic-associated massive sulide, or sealoor massive sulide deposits, are important sources of copper, zinc, lead, gold, and silver (Cu, Zn, Pb, Au, and Ag). These deposits form at or near the sealoor where circulating hydrothermal luids driven by magmatic heat are quenched through mixing with bottom waters or porewaters in near-sealoor lithologies. Massive sulide lenses vary widely in shape and size and may be podlike or sheetlike. They are generally stratiform and may occur as multiple lenses.

Grade and tonnage models are useful in quantitative mineral-resource assessments. The models and database presented in this report are an update of earlier publications about volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) deposits (Mosier, Singer, and Salem, 1983; Cox, 1986; Singer, 1986a-c; Singer and Mosier, 1986a, b). These VMS deposits include what were formerly classified as kuroko, Cyprus, and Besshi deposits.

Полевые, петрологические и геохимические ограничения на поступление неблагородных металлов в гидротермальные флюиды в вулканогенных массивных сульфидных системах кипрского типа: исследование эпидозитовой зоны Спилия-Каннавия, офиолитовый комплекс Троодос, Кипр

Field, petrological and geochemical constraints on the release of base metals into hydrothermal fluids in Cyprus-type Volcanogenic Massive Sulphide (VMS) systems: an investigation of the Spilia-Kannavia epidosite zone, Troodos ophiolite, Cyprus 

В работе рассмотрены теоретические основы оценки воздействия техногенно-минеральных образований (ТМО) на окружающую природную среду и теоретические основы экономической основы ТМО. Характе-ризуются методические принципы воздействия ТМО на окружающую среду и технология стратегической оценки ресурсов. В оценке ТМО присутствует учет динамики изменения экономического риска, учитыва-ются факторы экономического и экологического рисков, связанных с наличием ТМО, проанализировано существо этих факторов.