Earth Science departments at universities across North America are diversifying their academic offerings for entry level science courses. Among topics that are catching on are the mineralogy and geology of gem materials. This textbook aims to support these courses. At the same time, the geological settings that give rise to gemstone deposits are as unique and fascinating as those for precious and base metal deposits.

Geochemistry is the study of the development, and distribution of chemical elements on Earth, which are found in rock-forming minerals and their byproducts, as well as in living beings, water, and the environment. The elemental geochemical variation of sediments is used to recognize the mechanisms controlling the estuarine environment and serves as a baseline for assessing the environmental effect in the future. Geochemistry is a unique field that deals with the study of mineral deposits.

Crystal growth of diamonds at the Earth’s mantle depths of 150–800 km had been accompanied by a fragmentary capturing minerals, melts and volatile compounds (as diamond-hosted inclusions) from the parental melts. This indicates convincingly that diamonds were originated jointly with the phases of primary hermetic inclusions in a common parental medium. This opens up possibilities for evaluating the general chemistry of natural diamond-producing systems from the compositions of significantly different phases associated with diamonds in primary inclusions. Of particular value is that it has been made possible to determine the boundary compositions for the experimental systems which duplicate the natural ones responsible for genesis of diamonds and associated phases. As a consequence, the principal problems of diamond genetic mineralogy may be formulated. It became apparent, that the methodology of physico-chemical experiments is of crucial importance in solution of the genetic problems for diamonds and associated phases. <...>

The discovery of electron diffraction in the laboratories of C.J. Davisson and G.P. Thomson in 1927 certainly ranks as one of the monumental discoveries in the history of science. Soon after this invention, it was realised that electrons - like X-rays - are diffracted by the atoms in matter and thus can be used for structure determination. Because the attainable scattered  intensities for electrons are about 106 times larger than for X-rays, electron diffraction allows us to study the interior structure of matter down to a few cubic-nanometers in size. This is far beyond the capabilities of X-ray crystallography or even a modern synchrotron.

Economic Geology is an important branch of Geology which deals with different aspects of economic minerals being utilised by mankind to fulfill his various needs. The economic minerals are those which can be extracted profitably. The subject provides detailed knowledge of r'l these minerals, like their origin, process of formation, mutual relations and time sequence, control of localisation, metallogemc epoch and province, and classification, besides their mineralogy, uses, modes of occurrence, geological and geographical distribution, reserves, production and all other related facts. <...>

В брошюре дана модель расширения Земли и сделаны попытки раскрыть причины развития этого процесса. Выдвинута наиболее вероятная, обоснованная действием закономерности распространенности химических элементов в природе и изотопов гипотеза о причинах раширения Земли

Planned economy presumes that all undertakings are premeditated and prepared in detail. The main condition for good planning is therefore reliable preparation of materials and a comprehensive knowledge of the problem, with due consideration of every factor involved.

This book is the first in a two-volume series that introduces the field of spatial data science. It offers an accessible overview of the methodology of exploratory spatial data analysis. It also constitutes the definitive user’s guide for the widely adopted GeoDa open-source software for spatial analysis. Leveraging a large number of real-world empirical illustrations, readers will gain an understanding of the main concepts and techniques, using dynamic graphics for thematic mapping, statistical graphing, and, most centrally, the analysis of spatial autocorrelation. Key to this analysis is the concept of local indicators of spatial association, pioneered by the author and recently extended to the analysis of multivariate data.

В книге рассматриваются гидродинамические методы изучения нефтяных и газовых месторождений по данным промысловых наблюдений, приводятся аналитические связи между измеряемыми и расчетными параметрами залежей. Описываются способы обработки промысловых данных и техника глубинных измерений.
Книга рассчитана на промысловых геологов, инженеров и техников нефтяной и газовой промышленности, а также может быть использована студентами, изучающими подземную гидравлику, промысловую геологию и гидрогеологию.