Mineral processing refers to the science and technology of processing a solid mineral’s run-of-mine (ROM) using a combination of unit operations to obtain an upgraded form called concentrate which is suitable for further industrial processing such as for smelting to produce metals and their alloys. The technology of mineral processing is the third step in the relay race which commences with geological exploration and proceeds to mining, mineral processing, extractive metallurgy and terminates in production metallurgy/engineering to produce finished metallic and non-metallic products.

In nature minerals of interest exist physically and chemically combined with the host rock. Removal of the unwanted gangue to increase the concentration of mineral in an economically viable manner is the basis of mineral processing operations. This book treats the strategy of beneficiation as a combination of unit operations. Each unit process and its operation is therefore treated separately. Integration of these units leading to the development of viable flow sheets that meets the final objective, is then indicated.

The “Supercontinents” constitute the majority of the ancient Earth’s surface and play an important role in Earth’s history (Meert 2012). Supercontinent defined as a large, solid, homogeneous massif of the Earth’s crust, which contains nearly all the continental crust of the planet. It is believed that the largest part of the continental crust formed in the period of 3,200–2,500 million years (Ma) and its fragments are included in all the modern continents (Lubnina and Slabunov 2011).

The main objective of Introduction to Environmental Geology, Fourth Edition, is to help equip students—particularly those who intend to take only a single science course—with an understanding of the interactions between geologic processes, ecological processes, and society. During the first half of the twenty-first century, as the human population increases and the use of resources grows, many decisions concerning our use of those resources, such as water, soil, air, minerals, energy, and space to live, will determine our standard of living and the quality of our environment. Scientific knowledge combined with our values will dictate those decisions. Your charge, as a future leader or informed citizen, is to choose paths of development that are good for people and the environment, that larger community that includes plants, animals, water, and air—in other words, the environment consisting of ecosystems that we and all living things depend upon for our well-being <...>

The reader probably is acquainted with some books of the series: Physics for Everybody, Chemistry for Everybody, Mechanics for Everybody, Algebra for Everybody, Geometry for Everybody and Arithmetic for Everybody. In the form of short stories, these books write of the interesting processes and phenomena that take place in nature, and describe unique mechanisms;

This volume is a follow-up to my earlier book “Deep-Water Processes and Facies Models: Implications for Sandstone Petroleum Reservoirs,” published under Elsevier’s “Handbook of Petroleum Exploration and Production” series (Volume 5). In that book and in my other publications,

В книге рассмотрено влияние рельефа и геоморфологических условий на формирование среды жизни и эстетическое восприятие людей окружающей природы. Изложены представления об эстетической геоморфологии и подходах к эстетической оценке рельефа. Что для людей важнее – безопасность или красота? Можно ли оценить красоту рельефа? Где граница между наукой и искусством? Эти и другие вопросы автор пытается обсудить.
Книга содержит 9 научных глав и главу «География как искусство», где представлены рисунки Н.А. Богданова, а также фото автора.

The Arabian–Nubian Shield (ANS) is a vast and exceptionally well-preserved expanse of crust and underlying sub-continental lithospheric mantle that was largely produced during the Neoproterozoic, with only restricted contribution from older lithospheric components, except in the extreme north-eastern part of the shield. With an exposed area of nearly 2 million km², and an additional 1 million km² buried beneath the great Cenozoic East African Rift System and its associated volcanic rocks, the shield represents one of the best-preserved Neoproterozoic orogenic belts on the planet and the largest preserved expanse of new Neoproterozoic lithosphere in Earth’s geological history.

We are pleased to offer this fourth edition of Thematic Cartography and Geovisualization published by CRC Press. We deem a fourth edition particularly appropriate given the extensive developments that have taken place in cartography and GIScience since the third edition was first published in 2009. One development is the continued evolution of the Internet and the associated World Wide Web, which is commonly referred to as Web 2.0. One characteristic of Web 2.0 is the ability to harness the collective intelligence of Web users. In the case of geography, we often refer to this collective intelligence as “volunteered geographic information” or VGI;