The wealth of mineral resources that lies beneath the Earth’s surface drives techno‑logical advancements and underpins our economic prosperity. This comprehensive book presents the methods and processes of mineral resource estimation at each step along the mining value chain and provides a necessary framework for understanding mineral development and exploitation. The complexities associated with mineral resource estimation are addressed by explaining the importance of reliable methodologies and the consideration of uncertainty in decision‑making.

Geological data, notably geochemical data, often take the form of a regionalized composition. The concept of regionalized composition combines the concepts of composition and coregionalization. A composition, also known in the literature as a closed array (Chayes 1962), is a random vector whose components add up to a constant. A coregionalization is a set of two or more regionalized variables defined over the same spatial domain, which is modeled as a realization of a vector random function. Here the term regionalized composition is used both for the vector random function used to model a composition and for the realization that we can observe <...>

В дайной брошюре обобщен опыт работы центральной и экспедиционных лабораторий Северо-Западного геологического управления Министерства геологии и охраны недр СССР по организации и производству массовых анализов руд и пород, содержащих редкие элементы: ниобий, тантал, бериллий, цирконий, литий, рубидий, цезий и группу редких земель.

Wir verdanken Carl von Linné die erste Klassifkation des Pfanzen- und Tierreiches. Sie stellt ein frühes Musterbeispiel einer wissenschaflichen Systematik dar und zeigt mit ihrem Erfolg gleichzeitig die Bedeutung der Einordnung von Gegenständen eines Wissensgebietes in eine straf gegliederte Hierarchie. Linnés Gliederung galt auch für Fossilien, wurde jedoch nicht mit Erfolg auf die Gesteine angewandt. Seit über 200 Jahren haben Geologen versucht, die scheinbar unendliche Vielfalt der Gesteine in Schubladen zu pressen.

Within the last decade, the high and continuing demand for gold has prompted a global gold rush on a scale never before seen, not even in the heady days of Ballarat, California and the Yukon. Gold is being sought on every continent and, with very few exceptions, in every country around the world. Such interest and fierce competition has demanded considerable innovation and improvement in exploration techniques paralleled by a rapid expansion of the geological database and consequent genetic modelling for the many different types of gold deposits now recognized.

The Republic of South Africa is a metal producer of the first rank. Gold is the most important of the metals and up to the end of 1971, U.S.$ 32 billion had been realized from its sale. This figure was equivalent to 80% of the total value of all metals sold. The gold province is located on the Kaapvaal craton which is composed of Precambrian sedimentary-volcanic and granite-greenstone assemblages ranging in age from 1,750 to 3,500 million years. This craton forms the southern part of the Southern African Shield. No significant gold mineralization has yet been found beyond the boundaries of this shield. On the Kaapvaal craton, five Proterozoic sedimentary-volcanic basins lie on an Archean basement.  <...>

Have Inertial Waves Been Identified from the Earth's Core?

Inertial Modes in the Earth's Fluid Outer Core

Variational Calculation of Core Modes in Realistic Earth Models

Core Undertones in an Elliptical Uniformly Rotating Earth

An Experimental Study of Inertial Waves in a Spheroidal Shell of Rotating Fluid

The Excitation of Core Modes by Earthquakes

COSGROVE, J. W. The role of structural geology in reservoir characterization
ARCHER, J. S. Reservoir characterization and modelling: a framework for field development
FREEMAN, B., YIELDING, G., NEEDHAM, D. T. & BADLEY, M. E. Fault seal prediction: the gouge ratio method
CRAWFORD, B. R. Experimental fault sealing: shear band permeability dependency on cataclastic fault gouge characteristics
GABRIELSEN, R. H., AARLAND, R.-K. & ALSAKER, E. Identification and spatial distribution of fractures in porous, siliciclastic sediments

Phase transitions in minerals are of interest to a wide spectrum of scientists - geologists, mineralogists, solid state chemists, and physicists. We have now reached the point where mean field theory or Landau Theory of phase transitions as a function of temperature, pressure, or chemical composition can be usefully applied to natural materials, resulting in an improved understanding of the thermodynamics of significant constituents of the earth.