Examination of thin sections under the microscope is a key part of any study of carbonate sediments, as a companion to field or core logging, and as a necessary precursor to geochemical analysis. This book is designed as a laboratory manual to keep beside the microscope as an aid to identifying grain types and textures in carbonates.

Microscopic observation and identification of minerals in thin section is the most essential part of a geological study. All the students and  searchers working with rocks or sediments (petrologists, tural geologists, engineering geologist, hydrologist etc.) need to structural its mineral composition and fabric. However, many professional ists and students try to avoid thin section study. This is because geologist and students try to avoid thin section is time consuming and they do not know the preparation microscopic procedures. Many graduate students faced apporpriate section spend considerable time wondering where to start <...>

Книга представляет собой сборник статей, посвященных детальной химико-минералогической характеристике различных минералов основных горпых пород — породообразующих (пироксены, амфиболы, плагиоклазы и др.), акцессорных (апатит п др.), а также некоторых минералов из рудных месторождений, генетически связанных с базитами — тптаномагнетитов и ильменита и др. Эти данные получены на материале различных массивов и месторождений Советского Союза, и освещают сравнительно мало изученную область минералогии и петрографпп основных пород

A.Ф. Горбов. Условия образования и закономерности размещения боратовых месторождений вулканогенно-осадочного типа
М.Л. Воронова. Петрографическая характеристика нижнекембрийских соленосных отложений юго-восточной части Сибирской платформы
B.Н. Дубинина. Описание карналлитовых пород, пройденных скважиной 75 в 1950 году в районе Соликамского рудника Верхнекамского месторождения
В.В. Лобанова. Петрографическая характеристика соляной толщи поднятия Западный Азгир
В.В. Лобанова. Петрографо-минералогическая характеристика калийных горизонтов Жилянского месторождения
B.В. Лобанова. К условиям формирования покровной сульфатной толщи Челкарского поднятия

The term geology is a combination of two Greek expressions: “Geo” refers to the earth, and “logos” refers to the logic and language used to explain your observations. So think of geology as a way to organize and explain the earth processes that we see all around us. For some of the strange shapes we see, an educated explanation would be great. Most of what we know is good guesswork, based on lab experiments and inferences that take many detailed drawings to explain and a lifetime to understand. Fortunately, the more you see, the better things fall into place. <...>

Recent quantitative studies of gneisses in the Laramie Range by Newhouse and Hagner (1947) have resulted in the idea that structure of the host rock is a dominant factor controlling the composition of gneisses and schists. The Sherman granite, which is exposed in the southern part of the Laramie Range (Fig. 1), was selected for a quantitative study for three reasons: (1) a similar study had been made by Newhouse and Hagner on associated gneissic rocks which made it possible to correlate and compare results; {'d) most of the geologic contacts were mapioed previously, and thus nearly all of the field time could be devoted to a study of the granite; and (3) the area is of batholithic dimensions and is readily accessible. The problem was to determine whether any relationship existed between structure and composition of the granite, to explain the significance of any correlation or lack of correlation discovered, and to determine the relation of the Sherman granite to the Raggedtop gneisses studied by Newhouse and Hagner. <...>

Rocks represent the overall geological materials constituting the Earth’s crust (i.e., lithosphere), which are commonly made from an aggregate of crystals of one or more minerals and/or glass. From a wide geological point of view, rocks can be either solid (e.g., granite, limestone, rock salt, and ice), fluid (e.g. sand, and volcanic ashes), liquid (i.e., bitumen, and oil), or gaseous (i.e., natural gas, and hydrothermal fluids).

Abstract—Following a long period of island arc-like orogenic activity, post-orogenic granites of Pan-African age (670-550 Ma) were emplaced throughout the Arabian Shield. Most of these rocks are typical subsolvus calcalkaline biotite monzogranite. The early Pan-African granites are associated with widespread small tholeiitic gabbro intrusions, many of which are layered. The calc-alkaline granites are not evenly distributed and their area of exposure relative to other rock types increases from S.W. to north and N.E. In the north-eastern part of the shield, they are associated spatially with rhyolites of similar composition and with molasse derived from granitic terrane.

The Precambrian crust of Saudi Arabia, the eastern Sudan and Egypt consists of abundant granites and granodiorites, arc-type volcanics, and well-authenticated ophiolites. The metamorphic grade is generally low. Archaean remnants are absent. In contrast, the Precambrian in the Mozambique belt in Kenya and Tanzania consists of high-grade metamorphic rocks, contains much reworked Archaean basement, and few granitic or granodioritic plutons. It is proposed that there is a transition from crust formed by successive accretion of island arc/back arc complexes in the north to products of collisions between plates carrying Archaean continental crust in the south. The collision led to Himalayan-type crustal thickening, deep erosion and isostatic uplift, exposing deep-crustal rocks. <...>

Since V.M. Goldschmidt's (1911) classic study on the Oslo area of Norway, contact aureoles have provided excellent natural "laboratories" for the elucidation of the processes and conditions of metamorphism. Reverdatto (1973) compiled petrologic studies on contact metamorphism. However, considerable research on the processes and controls of contact metamorphism has been carried out in the last two decades. This volume presents a review of contact metamorphism from a variety of geological subdisciplines (igneous and metamorphic petrology, geochemistry, thermal modeling, and structural geology). This chapter presents a brief overview of the controls and processes of contact metamorphism, and is primarily intended for readers who are relatively unfamiliar with this topic <...>