В книге освещены вопросы теории движения подземных вод, получившие значительное развитие в последние годы у нас в стране и за рубежом. В пей изложены теоретические основы и практические методы гидрогеологических расчетов, которые могут быть использованы при гидрогеологических изысканиях и проектировании горнорудных предприятий, мелиорации, водоснабжения и других видов работ, связанных с подземными водами.

В учебном пособии рассматриваются теоретические и практические вопросы общего и инженерного карстоведения. Представлены задания, направленные на формирование навыков обработки и систематизации геологической и гидрогеологической информации для оценки активности карстового процесса.
Цель издания – оказание помощи студентам, изучающим курсы «Карстоведение», «Инженерное карстоведение» в овладении их основами.
Предназначено для студентов-геологов, обучающихся по направлению «Геология» 05.03.01, профилю «Гидрогеология и инженерная геология».

Modern isotope geochemistry is a rapidly expanding field that has a part to play in a broad range of Earth and planetary sciences – from extra-solar-system processes to environmental geoscience. This new edition of a popular textbook is completely updated and places more emphasis on the uses of radiogenic isotopes in environmental Earth science.

Concrete is an essential and irreplaceable constructional material in the modern world. In  recent times, technological advances in the manufacture of cements and the expansion of  the use of concretes and related materials in civil engineering have led to a need for a practical, science-based understanding of these materials and the relationships between their  compositions and properties.

Basic concepts of microtectonics are introduced and discussed in this chapter. The study of thin sections of rocks, which was originally mainly petrographic, has evolved during the last century to include a number of structural characteristics, that constitute the microstructure or fabric of a rock. The study of this fabric can be used to reconstruct the structural and metamorphic history, but also to improve the understanding of deformation and metamorphic processes.

The use of computers as primary tools for carrying out geological research and databases for storing geological information has grown considerably in recent years. In the same period there has been a dramatic increase in the degree of collaboration between scientific institutions, universities and industry, and between geologists working in different countries. To facilitate collaborative work amongst geologists and to maximise efficiency in the use of geological databases a common approach to classifying and naming rocks is essential. This publication presents a scheme for the classification and nomenclature of igneous rocks that is practical, logical, systematic, hierarchical and uses clearly defined, unambiguous rock names.

The worldwide acceptance of the first edition of this book encouraged me to extensively revise and extend the second edition. The book was of value to readers of widely ranging interests as demonstrated by the letters received from scientists, students, mining engineers, editors of periodical papers and teachers.

This revision comes five years after the publication of the first edition. Many entries have been improved and now include new data. In total it includes about 25 000 entries, 1 500 graphic figures and 42 tables.

The first edition was criticized by readers who felt that some entries were not related to respective materials: but I would like to emphasize that many minerals are described in the form of references necessary for determining other gemstone materials.

In this edition chapters on light, color and colorant are dealt with in more depth, a large section introduces new terms applying to these areas.

If you have criticisms or suggestions please feel free to contact the author.

The engineer designing such soil structures as embankments, dams, or building foundations should be able to predict the safety of these against collapse or excessive deformation under various loading conditions which are deemed possible. On occasion, he may have to apply his predictive knowledge to events in natural soil or rock outcrops, subject perhaps to new, man-made conditions. Typical of this is the disastrous collapse of the mountain (Mount Toc) bounding the Vajont reservoir which occurred on 9 October 1963 in Italy (Müller 1965). Figure 1.1 shows both a sketch indicating the extent of the failure and a diagram indicating the cross section of the encountered ground movement. <...>

Geochemistry utilizes the principles of chemistry to explain the mechanisms regulating the workings – past and present – of the major geological systems such as the Earth’s mantle, its crust, its oceans, and its atmosphere. Geochemistry only really came of age as a science in the 1950s, when it was able to provide geologists with the means to analyze chemical elements or to determine the abundances of isotopes, and more significantly still when geologists, chemists, and physicists managed to bridge the chasms of mutual ignorance that had separated their various fields of inquiry.