Imagine walking on a rocky shore.You can see the pounding surf, hear stones clink together as waves recede, feel the wind blowing in your hair. But the cliffs don’t move and the ground doesn’t shake. Even though the Earth appears to be a firm foundation beneath your feet, it is a dynamic planet. Continents slowly shift position;mountains rise and then erode away.These motions escape casual observation because they are generally slow, although every year events such as volcanic eruptions and earthquakes remind us that geologic change can be rapid. <...>

GSLIB is the name of a directory containing the geostatistical software developed at Stanford. Generations of graduate students have contributed to

this constantly changing collection of programs, ideas, and utilities. Some of the :nost widely used public-domain geostatistical software [58, 62, 721 and many more in-house programs were initiated from GSLIB. It was decided to open the GSLIB directory to a wide audience, providing the source code to seed new developments, custom-made application tools, and, it is hoped, new theoretical advances <...>

As with the publication of the first edition in 2007, the publication of the second edition of the Encyclopedia of Quaternary Science represents a landmark in the history of publishing in the field of Quaternary Science. Quaternary Science is a multidisciplinary endeavor which seeks to establish as detailed a picture as possible of the manifold environmental changes that have occurred during the most recent geological period, the Quaternary – an interval of time that spans the past 2.59 million years or the past 0.056% of geological time. It is a period of significant climate and environmental change and witnessed the widespread dispersal of our species, Homo sapiens, across the planet.

The objective of a gas-handling facility is to separate natural gas, condensate, or oil and water from a gas-producing ensate, or oil and water from a gas-producing well and condition these fluids for sales or disposal. This volume focuses primarily on conditioning natural gas for sales. Gas sweetening, the removal of corrosive sulfur compounds from natural gas, is discussed in Chapter 7; methods of gas dehydration are the subject of Chapter 8, and gas processing to extract natural gas components is discussed in Chapter 9. Condensate stabilization, the process of flashing the lighter hydrocarbons to gas in order to stabilize the heavier components in the liquid phase, is the topic of Chapter 6. Treating the condensate or oil and water after the initial separation from the natural gas is covered in Volume 1. <...>

A very large part of our understanding of carbonate sediments and rocks is derived from studies made with the microscope. Field work lays bare the gross relationships, but is apt to be hampered by the failure of many limestones to reveal themselves clearly in the hand specimen-a serious handicap in so complex a group of rocks. Geochemical and X-ray studies, though profoundly influential, suffer not only from the length of time between question and answer, but, above all, from their inability to take cognizance of the complex fabrics which are of such critical importance in this group of multicomponent rocks. The immediacy of the microscopical approach has sustained this method as the major research tool throughout the rapid expansion of carbonate studies since World War 11: the newer and more discerning classifications depend on it. The development of refined staining techniques, of replication, including the shadowing of acetate peels, combined with the use of the transmission and scanningelectron microscopes, have shown, along with the subtle methods of cathodoluminescence, that the microscope has a rich future <...>

Описаны конструкции, принцип действия и классификации бурового оборудования и рабочего инструмента станков, которые применяются на карьерах горнодобывающей промышленности. Даны практические задания и вопросы для самопроверки по изучаемым темам. Приведена литература по эксплуатации и обслуживанию буровых станков.

Предназначено для студентов направления подготовки 21.05.04 «Горное дело», специализации 21.05.04.09 «Горные машины и оборудование», 21.05.04.03 «Открытые горные работы» и 21.05.04.10 «Электрификация и автоматизация горного производства». Может быть полезно инженерно-техническим работникам карьеров, где ведется подготовка горных пород к выемке.

Geomorphology has undergone a drastic change in scope and philosophy during the last several decades. In the past, the discipline was primarily concerned with the evolutionary development of landscapes under a wide variety of climatic and geologic controls. More recently, geomorphologists have recognized the need for an applied rather than a historical emphasis. This change in philosophy has placed geomorphology at an interface with many other disciplines. Today’s geomorphologist must relate to problems that face hydrologists, engineers, pedologists, foresters, and many other types of earth scientists. The bond that unites geology and geomorphology with so many apparently diverse disciplines is the common need to understand the processes operating within the Earth’s surficial systems. Thus, although the historical aspect of landscapes remains important, it is absolutely essential for earth scientists to have a basic understanding of surface mechanics and, in addition, of how those process mechanics are reflected in the landforms they create. This edition of Process Geomorphology, like its predecessor, is an attempt to satisfy those needs. The prime purpose of the book remains as it was, to provide undergraduate students with an introductory understanding of process mechanics and how process leads to the genesis of landforms. <...>

The job of a production facility is to separate the well stream into three components, typically called "phases" (oil, gas, and water), and process these phases into some marketable product(s) or dispose of them in an environmentally acceptable manner. In mechanical devices called "separators" gas is flashed from the liquids and "free water" is separated from the oil. These steps remove enough light hydrocarbons to produce a stable crude oil with the volatility (vapor pressure) to meet sales criteria. Figures 1-1 and 1-2 show typical separators used to separate gas from liquid or water from oil. Separators can be either horizontal or vertical in configuration <...>

Рассмотрены общие сведения об автоматизации технологических и производственных процессов горного и нефтегазового производства. Более детально рассмотрена автоматизация технологических процессов в горном производстве, методы и схемы автоматизации технологических процессов в нефтегазовой промышленности. Приведены практические и типовые задачи по автоматизации технологических и производственных процессов, вопросы для самостоятельной подготовки студентов и тестовые задания для проведения промежуточного контроля.
Для студентов направлений подготовки 13.03.02 «Электроэнергетика и электротехника» и 21.03.01 «Нефтегазовое дело», а также специальности 21.05.04 «Горное дело».

The document is not intended to be prescriptive. It provides guidelines, good practices, case studies and a range of tools that can be utilised in formulating wellconsidered decisions when planning and executing closure. It uses a risk and opportunity-based process to guide the practitioner through the iterative process of planning for final and progressive closure in a considered manner, as well as tactics for considering sudden or temporary closure.

A balanced closure approach fully incorporated into mine planning activities will lead to better outcomes across a range of considerations, including health, safety, social, environmental, legal, governance and human resources <...>